BEYOND ROAD ACCIDENT COMPENSATION: STRUCTURAL VICTIMISATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FATAL POTHOLE CRASHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23443434Keywords:
structural victimisation, road safety, road maintenance, institutional accountability, victims’ familiesAbstract
Fatal road crashes associated with damaged roads raise questions extending beyond driver conduct and one-off compensation. This article examines how Indonesia’s legal framework allocates preventive duties, public-institutional accountability, and remedies for families following pothole-related fatalities. Using qualitative document-based legal and socio-policy analysis, it re-examines a 2026 research report through victimology, road-safety literature, the Road Traffic and Transportation Law, the amended Road Law, the Criminal Code, and administrative-justice rules. The analysis identifies three analytically distinct protection deficits: an implementation risk where known hazards are not repaired or marked; an accountability risk where road status, duty-holder identity, and causation are difficult to establish; and a recovery risk where insurance payments are mistaken for complete institutional redress. It develops a prevention–accountability–recovery framework linking hazard reporting, evidence preservation, jurisdictionally appropriate remedies, and family-centred support. The findings are legal and conceptual rather than estimates of the frequency of government negligence or outcomes of verified court cases. More effective victim protection requires transparent maintenance records, careful investigation of road-related causation, accessible legal pathways, and measures preventing recurrence.
Downloads
References
Almannaa, Mohammed, Md Nabil Zawada, May Moshawah, and Haifa Alabduljabbar. 2023. “Investigating the Effect of Road Condition and Vacation on Crash Severity Using Machine Learning Algorithms.” International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 30 (3): 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2023.2202660.
Azami-Aghdash, Saber. 2020. “Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence in Road Traffic Injury Prevention: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies (2000 to 2019).” Archives of Public Health 78: 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00493-0.
Barokah, Muhamad Raziv, and Anna Erliyana. 2021. “Pergeseran Kompetensi Absolut dari Peradilan Umum ke Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara: Gugatan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum oleh Penguasa (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad).” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 51 (4). https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol51.no4.1104.
Budhiarto, Dian Lestarining. 2016. “Analisis Pasal 24 Juncto 273 Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan bagi Penyelenggara Jalan yang Tidak Memenuhi Kewajiban.” Brawijaya Law Student Journal. https://hukum.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/1564.
Hakim, M. Aunul, and Sheila Kusuma Wardani Amnesti. 2022. “Problematika Penanganan Gugatan Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum oleh Pemerintah (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) pada Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v14i1.15833.
Huang, Lanying. 2016. “Identifying Risk Factors for Household Burdens of Road Traffic Fatalities: Regression Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Taiwan.” BMC Public Health 16: 1202. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3813-3.
Ibrahim, Abdul Halil Hi, Iksan R. A. Arsad, and Bakri La Suhu. 2026. “Implementation of Good Governance and Its Effect on Local Government Transparency.” International Journal of Society Reviews 1 (11). https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOSER/article/view/943.
Jayusman, Dandi, Annarentika Faajra Shakhila, Benedikta Wewieta Li Pena, et al. 2025. “Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan dan Viktimisasi Proyek Strategis Nasional di Pulau Rempang.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 55 (2). https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol55.no.2.1791.
Judijanto, Loso, Muhammad Abdul Kahar, and Asni Hasanuddin. 2026. “Transformation of Public Services in the Implementation of Government Administration.” International Journal of Society Reviews 4 (1). https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOSER/article/view/1598.
Kiely, Ed, and Rosalie Warnock. 2023. “The Banality of State Violence: Institutional Neglect in Austere Local Authorities.” Critical Social Policy 43 (2): 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/02610183221104976.
Liang, Yao, Hongxia Yuan, Zhenwu Wang, et al. 2024. “Nonlinear Effects of Traffic Statuses and Road Geometries on Highway Traffic Accident Severity: A Machine Learning Approach.” PLOS ONE 19 (11): e0314133. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314133.
Liwang, Hasanuddin R. Dg., and Arpangi. 2024. “Settlement of Traffic Accidents Resulting in Death Using Restorative Justice Approach.” Ratio Legis Journal 3 (4). https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/rlj/article/view/42269.
Maarif, Ihsanul. 2024. “Kompetensi Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum oleh Pemerintah (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad).” Yustisi 11 (3). https://doi.org/10.32832/yustisi.v11i3.17914.
Makuu, M. 2018. “Socio-Economic Consequences of Road Traffic Accidents to the Victims and Their Families in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.” Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania 25 (2). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/huria/article/view/187646.
Marimuthu, Palaniappan, Bontha V. Babu, Suchismita Mishra, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Priya Senthil Kumar, and Kasi Sekar. 2025. “Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression among Non-Fatal Road Traffic Accidents Victims in South India.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 12: 101689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101689.
Prasetyo, Bakti, Zaenal Mahmudi, and Mustafa Lutfi. 2026. “Reconstruction of the Provisions on Victims and Heirs of Road Traffic Accident Victims in the Road Traffic Accident Fund Law.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.62951/ijlcj.v3i1.887.
Rahmah, Siti, Hafrida, and Usman. 2026. “Legal Protection for Victims of Domestic Violence through Compensation and Restitution.” International Journal of Society Reviews 2 (6). https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOSER/article/view/1057.
Republic of Indonesia. 2009. Law No. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/27961/UU%20Nomor%2022%20Tahun%202009.pdf.
Republic of Indonesia. 2022. Law No. 2 of 2022 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 38 of 2004 concerning Roads. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/195878/uu-no-2-tahun%202022.
Republic of Indonesia. 2023. Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uu-no-1-tahun-2023.
Supreme Court of Indonesia. 2019. Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2019 concerning Settlement of Disputes over Government Actions and Jurisdiction over Unlawful Government Acts. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/206068/perma-no-2-tahun-2019.
Taufik, Moh., and Khoerul Umam. 2026. “Development of E-Government-Based Public Services in the Context of Realizing Good Governance Regional Government.” International Journal of Society Reviews 1 (9). https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOSER/article/view/907.
