THE ROLE OF FACILITATORS IN RESTORATIVE HEALTH DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCESSES
Keywords:
Role of Facilitators, Health Dispute Resolution Process, RestorativeAbstract
The resolution of health disputes in Indonesia is increasingly oriented towards restorative justice mechanisms that emphasise the restoration of relationships between patients and health workers, rather than simply imposing sanctions or penalties. In this context, facilitators or mediators play a central role as neutral parties who help the parties find fair, effective, and efficient solutions through dialogue and negotiation. This study aims to examine the role of facilitators in restorative health dispute resolution based on a literature review. The results of the analysis indicate that facilitators not only function as connectors but also as information providers, educators, and mediators who maintain constructive communication and help the parties identify problems and develop alternative solutions. The existing legal framework, such as Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, provides legitimacy and legal certainty for the role of facilitators in the mediation process. However, challenges such as differences in medical knowledge, limitations of competent facilitators, and a litigious culture still need to be addressed to achieve optimal restorative justice. With enhanced facilitator capacity and clear regulatory support, mediation is expected to become the primary solution for resolving health disputes in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Anderson, P. (2024). Restorative Justice in Health Care: The Role of Mediators and Facilitators. Journal of Law and Medicine, 31(3), 299–312.
Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars Before Researchers: On the Centrality of the Dissertation Literature Review in Research Preparation. Educational Researcher, 3–15.
Carroll, A., & Reisel, R. (2024). Restorative justice in healthcare settings: Better outcomes for patients and providers. Medicine, Science and the Law, 64(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241248781
Dewi, M. (2022). Facilitator Competence in Restorative Justice-Based Health Dispute Resolution. Jurnal Hukum Dan Mediasi, 8(1), 65–80.
Hidayat, R. (2023). Medical disputes, restorative justice, resolution. Progressive Law Review, 5(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.36448/plr.v5i02.113
Hildayastie Hafizah & Surastini Fitriasih. (2022). Urgensi Penyelesaian Dugaan Kesalahan Medis Melalui Restorative Justice. Jurnal USM Law Review, 5(1), 205–215.
Johnson, M. (2021). Restorative Justice and Mediation in Healthcare Disputes. Routledge.
Kim, S. (2023). Facilitating Dialogue in Healthcare Disputes: Restorative Justice in Practice. Journal of Dispute Resolution in Healthcare, 7(1), 32–47.
Lee, C. (2021). Facilitating Restorative Justice in Healthcare: Challenges and Opportunities. Health Policy and Ethics, 15(2), 78–92.
Livne-Tarandach, D., Suzuki, S., & Yuan, E. (2023). Facilitated Discussion Process for Workplace Grievances. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.115001
Mufrizal, dkk. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI MEDIASI DAN PENDEKATAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIS DI INDONESIA. JIIC: Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, 2(1), 870–880.
Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., & Stern, C. (2020). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
Nugroho, B. (2023). Facilitator’s Role in Restorative Justice Mediation for Medical Malpractice. Jurnal Mediasi Dan Hukum, 3(2), 77–89.
Perangin-Angin, T. A., Silaban, L. S., Batubara, S. A., & Sinaga, J. (2025). Mediation as an Alternative to Legal Dispute Resolution in Health Services in Hospitals. JUSTISI, 11(1), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i1.3898
Prasetyo, D. (2025). Restorative Justice in Medical Dispute Resolution: The Role of Facilitators in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesehatan, 8(1), 10–25.
Pratama, A. (2024). Restorative Justice in Health Dispute Resolution: Comparative Study Indonesia and New Zealand. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesehatan, 6(1), 55–70.
Putri, D. (2024). The Implementation of Restorative Justice in Medical Dispute Resolution in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 54(4), 601–615.
Rachmawati, D. (2023). Suatu Pendekatan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Malpraktik Medis: Analisis Prinsip Keadilan Restoratif. Indonesian Journal of Law - Intekom, 5(2), 120–135.
Rahmawati, S. (2022). The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice in Medical Dispute Resolution. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 10(1), 45–59.
Ramadhan, F. (2023). Penal Mediation through the Customary Tepung Tawar Ceremony in Medical Disputes. Cepalo: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(2), 88–97.
Samosir, J. (2024). Upaya Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kesehatan di Indonesia. Lex Privatum, 12(4), 101–115.
Sari, D. P. (2023). Restorative Justice Settles Health Disputes Between Patients and Hospitals from an Inclusive Justice Perspective. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 11(3), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i3.1293
Setiawan, A. (2024). Mediation as a Tool for Restorative Justice in Medical Disputes. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 121–135.
Siregar, R. (2024). Medical Dispute Resolution Based on RME Data Through Restorative Justice Approach. De Lega Lata: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31289/delegalata.v9i1.18057
Smith, J., & Brown, T. (2022). Mediation and Restorative Justice in Healthcare: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 82, 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101786
Suratman. (2025). Keadilan Restoratif (Restorative Justice) Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik, 5(3), 2556–2566. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i3.4451
Thompson, L. (2022). Mediation in Healthcare: Practice and Policy. Springer.
Widodo, F. (2025). The Impact of Restorative Justice on Health Dispute Resolution: A Facilitator’s Perspective. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesehatan, 7(1), 50–65.
Williams, S. (2023). The Role of Facilitators in Restorative Justice Processes in Healthcare. Journal of Health Law and Ethics, 14(3), 230–245.
Zhang, Y. (2023). Restorative Justice: A New Paradigm in Healthcare Dispute Resolution. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 10(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2023.7
