INTERNATIONAL LAW STUDY ON PATIENT RIGHTS AND PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION
Keywords:
International Law, Rights, Patient Protection, Globalisation EraAbstract
This study of international law highlights the rights and protection of patients in the era of globalisation, focusing on the responsibilities of the state and health institutions and the harmonisation of health regulations between countries. The study emphasises the importance of international treaties and conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in guaranteeing the right to health. However, implementation at the national level is still inconsistent due to factors such as limited resources and social injustice. In conclusion, the protection of patients' rights in the era of globalisation requires a multilateral approach, global collaboration, and technical and financial support to ensure the implementation of international obligations and fair and equitable health protection.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, R. (2023). Global Health Disparities: Challenges and Solutions. The Lancet Global Health, 11(1), e30–e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00454-1
Annas, G. J. (1995). The Rights of Patients: The Authoritative ACLU Guide to the Rights of Patients. Southern Illinois University Press.
Brown, H. (2024). Digital Literacy and Access to Health Information. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26(1), e45612. https://doi.org/10.2196/45612
Buse, K., Hein, W., & Drager, N. (2009). Making Sense of Global Health Governance: A Policy Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chu, W. (2024). Machine Learning Models for Predicting Disease Outbreaks. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 139, 104290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104290
Devereux, A. (2005). Australia and the Birth of the International Bill of Human Rights 1946-1966. Federation Press.
Diaz, B., & Thompson, A. (2021). Efficacy of Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Educational Research Review, 33, 100395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100395
Fidler, D. P. (2004). SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease. Palgrave Macmillan.
Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2016). Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint. University of California Press.
Gupta, N. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Trends and Applications. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 155, 104567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.104567
Johnson, M. K. (2021). The Role of Telemedicine in Managing Chronic Diseases. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 27(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X20969636
Jung, S. (2025). Nutritional Interventions and Their Impact on Childhood Obesity. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 57(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2024.06.009
Kaur, R. (2020). Vaccine Hesitancy Among Urban Populations. Vaccine, 38(9), 2454–2460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.078
Kim, H. (2022). The Impact of Nurse Staffing Levels on Patient Safety Outcomes. Nursing Management, 53(2), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.0000737945.48783.15
Li, H. Z., & Chen, Y. (2023). Advancements in Genomic Research for Diabetes Treatment. Diabetes Care, 46(5), 1024–1033. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-0342
Lopez, J. (2020). The Role of Communication in Improving Patient Safety: What the Research Tells Us. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 13(3), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2020.1796174
Machi, L. A., & McEvoy, B. T. (2016). The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success (3rd ed.). Corwin.
Mann, J. M., Gostin, L. O., Gruskin, S., Brennan, T., Lazzarini, Z., & Fineberg, H. V. (1994). Health and Human Rights. Health and Human Rights, 1(1), 6–23.
Meier, B. M., & Onzivu, W. (2014). The Evolution of Human Rights in World Health Organization Policy and the Future of Human Rights Through Global Health Governance. Public Health, 128(2), 179–187.
Patel, S. (2025). The Future of Patient Care: Integrating Wearable Technology. Journal of Medical Systems, 49(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-00431-2
Ridley, D. (2012). The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Roberts, C., & Martinez, L. (2024). The Impact of Climate Change on Public Health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 132(2), 2201. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7493
Rosenthal, B. (2020). The Role of Social Media in Public Health Campaigns. American Journal of Public Health, 110(3), 376–379. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305456
Smith, J. A. (2020). Health Systems Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Health Services Research, 20, 890. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05678-2
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.
Wang, X. (2022). Trends in Telehealth Utilization Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 5(2), e2141534. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41534
White, G. (2022). Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare: Building a Safer System. Ergonomics, 65(7), 945–957. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.2007911
Yamin, A. E. (2008). Beyond Compassion: The Centrality of Human Rights Accountability to Global Health Justice. Health and Human Rights, 10(2), 1–20.