INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) is published once a month triannually and serves as a peer-reviewed journal specializing in field research and literature review related to Humanities and Social Science. Its aim is to offer readers a better understanding of Humanities and Social Science and to present progress through the publication of research articles and reports, which include field studies and literature reviews. This journal invites scholars and experts working in all disciplines. Articles must be original, based on field research and literature, have never been published before, and are not being considered for publication in other journals. All submitted papers will be reviewed by the Editor, editorial board, and blind reviewers. Submissions that violate our format or length guidelines will be rejected without review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the fields of humanity, social science. Humanities include: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Arts, Philosophy, Religion, Fine Arts. Social Science fields of Science include: Economics, politics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Cultural and Ethical Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archeology, and other related fields Editor in Chief : Assoc.Prof. Dr. Aslan, M.Pd. I ISSN : 3030-802X (Online) Index : Google, Garuda, ICI Copernicus Publication Frequently : a Mountly Publisher : Adisam Publisher Contact Person : +62 852-4526-8806
LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON DATA PRIVACY AND CYBERSECURITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This article examines the evolving legal frameworks governing data privacy and cybersecurity in the contemporary digital landscape. As technological advancements continue to reshape how personal data is collected, processed, and utilized, legal systems worldwide are confronted with unprecedented challenges in balancing innovation with individual rights protection. Through comparative analysis of major jurisdictional approaches including the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and emerging regulatory frameworks in Asia-Pacific regions, this study identifies key convergence points and divergences in global data protection regimes. The research further explores the legal implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, biometrics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) on privacy and security paradigms. Findings indicate that while regulatory fragmentation remains a significant challenge, there is growing international consensus around core principles of transparency, consent, data minimization, and security by design. The article concludes by proposing a harmonized approach to data privacy and cybersecurity regulation that accommodates technological innovation while ensuring robust protection of fundamental rights in the digital age.
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LATEST TECHNOLOGY PARADIGM: MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY FOR MILLENNIAL FARMERS
This study explores the role of millennial farmers in driving the transformation of the agricultural sector through the adoption of modern technologies. In the context of agriculture that increasingly requires efficiency and sustainability, millennials, with better access and digital skills, show a higher tendency to integrate advanced technologies into their agricultural practices. This study examines how technologies such as precision agriculture, automation, and digital platforms are used by millennial farmers to increase productivity and manage natural resources sustainably. This study also identifies key factors influencing the adoption of agricultural technologies, including economic, social, technical, and environmental aspects. In addition, the role of government policies and support from various parties, such as the private sector, educational institutions, and non-governmental organizations, are analyzed as important catalysts in accelerating technological transformation in this sector. The results of the study indicate that although modern technologies have great potential to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability, their successful adoption is highly dependent on adequate policy support.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE EXISTENCE OF FOREIGN WORKERS ON EFFORTS TO REALIZE JUSTICE AND WELFARE INDONESIAN WORKFORCE
The problem of Foreign Workers in Indonesia is Foreign Workers who work in the industrial and infrastructure sectors that do not require special skills, so their presence has an impact on reducing job opportunities for local workers. The entry of foreign workers into Indonesia is also inseparable from the visa- free policy issued by the government. The policy on visa-free visits for 169 countries and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), this policy makes the gates of Indonesia wide open for foreigners entering and exiting Indonesia. The fact is that what happens in the field is that many foreigners abuse this visa-free visit policy and many of them not only travel but work in Indonesia by taking advantage of the visa-free visit, if foreigners want to work in Indonesia the foreigner must use a work visa, not only that this visa- free visit policy causes many problems ranging from reduced state revenue, domestic security, order, and labor issues. This study aims to know, analyze and explain the government's supervision system over the policy of using Foreign Workers in Indonesia as stipulated in Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Perpu Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law, and aims to find out the implications of the existence of Foreign Workers on efforts to improve justice and welfare of Indonesia's workforce. The research method uses normative juridical research. The results of the study show that the implications of the existence of Foreign Workers on efforts to improve justice and welfare of Indonesia's workforce are the filling of positions that local workers are unable to fill, the transfer of technology and expertise from foreign workers to Indonesia workers which is expected to be beneficial for Indonesia's workforce itself and help in terms of economic development of Indonesia because Foreign workers who come bring capital to be invested.
THE EFFECT OF DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) AND CREDIT INTEREST RATES ON INDONESIAN FURNITURE EXPORT VOLUME
International trade occurs in all countries to increase the economic growth of a country including Indonesia. Indonesia's largest exports are in the non-oil and gas sector, especially the processing industry. One of the exports that utilizes natural resources to be processed and then traded is the furniture industry export, although the total furniture exports are not higher than other processing industry sectors, the furniture industry has great potential in the future. Furniture exports are one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy, which contributes significantly to state revenue and job creation. The purpose of this study is toTo analyze the influence of the Dollar exchange rate, GDP and Credit Interest Rates in the long term and short term on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative data with a time span of 30 years, namely from 1994-2023 using the Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the Dollar exchange rate variable in the long term has a positive and significant effect on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia, while in the short term it has a positive and insignificant effect on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia. The GDP variable in the long term has a negative and significant effect on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia, while in the short term it has a positive and significant effect on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia. The Credit Interest Rate variable in the long term and short term has a negative and significant effect on the volume of furniture exports in Indonesia.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS IN SHOPEE E-COMMERCE ONLINE BUYING AND SELLING IS REVIEWED FROM LAW NO. 8 OF 1999 CONCERNING CONSUMER PROTECTION
Legal protection for consumers in Shopee e-commerce online buying and selling is reviewed from Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. Electronic Commerce or e-commerce is one of the products of the times. This type of business transaction provides convenience and has many advantages compared to conventional or offline transactions. Consumer protection laws provide protection for consumers in Indonesia. Conflicts between business actors are based on unexpected things by consumers beforehand. The weak position of consumers with business actors in conducting online transactions is certainly very detrimental to consumers. Crimes in online media against the purchase and sale of products in the premises are the same as the crime of fraud. Conventional and online buying and selling differ only in the means of action, namely using an Electronic System. The purpose of this study is to find out how the law in Indonesia provides protection to consumers and how efforts are made by the government in developing or updating legal protection for consumers who make transactions through Shopee e- commerce. This study uses normative law research methods. Using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Law Number 8 of 1999 (UUPK), Law Number 19 of 2016 (ITE Law) and Law as primary law. Secondary legal materials use books containing consumer protection, electronic trading books and utilize journals and articles that can be downloaded through websites available online. The results of this study discuss legal protection for consumers in conducting online transactions from the perspective of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The online transaction process has a distinctive characteristic where the medium used is the internet so that business actors and consumers do not meet directly. On the one hand, this condition is very beneficial for consumers, because consumers have many options to get the goods they buy, but on the other hand, violations of consumer rights are very risky, therefore legal protection for consumers in online transactions is needed.
APPLICATION OF LAW AGAINST WOMEN IN CORRUPTION CASES (Case Study of HighCourt DecisionsDKI Jakarta Number 10/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PT DKI).
Decision Number 10/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PT DKI of the Jakarta High Court considers both legal and non-legal factors when handing down a criminal penalty. In order for the panel of judges to assume responsibility for the panel of judges from the court of first instance in relation to the proved elements of the article, it is necessary to use juridical considerations to state agreement with them. In addition, the purpose of using non-juridical factors is to shorten the defendant's sentence. The theory of the creative process and intuition, which is part of Mackenzie's theory, provides the theoretical framework for the factors taken into account when reaching the verdict. This is due to the fact that the issues raised in mitigation are primarily concerned with the Judge's discretion in imposing a criminal charge. The principles of non-discrimination, gender equality, equality before the law, and justice are not upheld in the Jakarta High Court Decision Number 10/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PT DKI, which upholds criminal imposition. Furthermore, the imposition of a criminal sentence solely based on the defendant's gender violates the third purpose of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which is to ensure that women's rights are legally protected on an equal footing with men's rights. In addition, pursuant to the criminal imposition theory, which encompasses the theories of retribution, relative or purpose, and combination, the sentence in Decision Number 10/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PT You might think of DKI as part of the objective or relative theory. Reason being, criminalization serves no purpose in meeting the absolute requirements of justice, as stated in relativity theory. Just as retaliation cannot be useful in and of itself, it can only serve to safeguard society's interests.
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
This research focuses on the study of the role of social workers in the assessment of the development of social entrepreneurship in the context of empowering the community as a tactic to achieve social change. This paper applies Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by following the PRISMA protocol, through identifying, selecting and analyzing academic literature to look for the eventual role of social entrepreneurship which contributes to social changes and community welfare. Here, we show that the review findings indicate the importance of social entrepreneurship in the economic potential, skill sets, and social ties of marginalized populations. Social workers also serve as facilitators to connect communities to resources and economic opportunities, as educators to offer entrepreneurial skills training, and as advocates for inclusive policies. Social entrepreneurship is promising in many aspects, but there are still challenges to be faced, such as limited resources and dependencies of the communities on external assistance. The preliminary findings of this study will inform best practices in social entrepreneurship, including into how social workers can best develop their competencies and strengthen cross-sector partnerships, as well as how cross-sector partnerships can develop robust impact indicators.
DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TOREUSE ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES: Influence of E-Servqual, Utilitarian Value, and Sales Promotion
The objective of this study is to elucidate the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between e-service quality, utilitarian value, sales promotion, and the intention to reuse online food delivery services. The research population comprises individuals who utilize online meal delivery services in Denpasar City, with an undisclosed quantity. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select a sample size of 210 individuals. The employed analytical methodology involves the utilization of Path Analysis through Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings of the study indicate that e-service quality, utilitarian value, and sales promotions exert a favorable and statistically significant impact on both consumer happiness and the desire to reuse online food delivery services. Similarly, it may be observed that satisfaction plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between e-service quality, utilitarian value, sales promotion, and reuse intentions. Hence, it is essential for service providers to continually enhance the quality of e-service quality, utilitarian value, and sales promotions to augment consumer satisfaction and foster the intention to reuse online meal delivery services.
I Gusti Ayu Dewi Adnyani, Cok Istri Anastasia Wedari, Putu Laksmita Dewi Rahmayanti, I Gusti Ayu Tirtayani
SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND UNDERGRADUATES’ WRITING SKILLS, THE MEETING POINT: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN AND BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IKERE EKITI
This study has explored how the use of social media has impacted on the writing skills of undergraduates in University of Ilorin and Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti (BOUESTI). The study design was descriptive survey and simple random sampling was applied to undergraduates by the administration of a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzied using weighted mean scores and standard deviations. The findings indicated that the overall social media usage among the students was high with a cluster mean outcome of 3.16. This implied that they utilised applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, both at school and during leisure. The research established that social media influenced certain writing abilities, and the cluster mean was 3.18. As one case in point, social media has an effect on spelling (mean = 3.52), academic tone (mean = 3.48), and transfer of informal punctuation patterns (mean = 3.01). The influence on abbreviations and sentence structure was however not very strong. The research also established that social media has a positive impact on the writing development of the students with a cluster mean of 3.07. Students agreed that social media enhances fluency in writing (mean = 3.41), enhances vocabulary (mean = 3.02), understandability of language (mean = 2.85), and creativity (mean = 3.11). Despite these negatve influences were also identified The negative effects cluster average of 2.99 suggests moderate concerns, including the use of abbreviations in academic writing (mean = 3.01), the reduced concentration on spelling (mean = 3.11), and the challenges with punctuation (mean = 3.00); the lack of grammar decline, however, could not be strongly supported. The research proposes the integration of digital literacy into writing education, promotion of esponsible use of social media, and the strengthening of systems to support writing in universities.
EVOLVING GENDER ROLES IN IGBO COMMUNITIES: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Gender roles within the human societies are not fixed or permanent, and are influenced by the historical, cultural and socio-economic changes throughout history and depending on the power relations of the societies and the changing expectations of the society at different historical periods. This paper studies how gender roles in the Igbo communities have been changing historically, that is, changes over the years since the pre-colonial, colonial, and present times. The Igbo society used to be traditionally defined as a system of gender complement where men and women held different but mutually dependent roles in the economic, political, and socio-cultural arenas. The women were actively engaged in agriculture, local trade and governance of the community, through institutions like the umuada and the men-controlled Yams, long distance trade and official political systems. The paper presents the claim that such roles did not necessarily mean inequality but were designed in such a way that could provide social balance and community survival. Nevertheless, western patriarchal systems brought by colonialism changed the existing gender relations in the region by restricting the role of women in the official government, as well as redefining male and female gender roles. During the post-colonial and modern times, the gender roles have been further altered by modernization, education and globalization and thus more women are involved in education, politics and economic activities. The changes notwithstanding, some aspects of traditional gender norms and inequalities remain, which forms a complicated continuity and change interplay. Based on a historical and qualitative methodology, which relies on both primary and secondary sources, the research indicates the flexibility and strength of the gender systems in the Igbo community. It finds that to foster gender equity and formulate culturally pertinent policies across modern communities, the historical development of gender roles should be properly understood.
PROMOTING RELIGIOUS MODERATION VILLAGES ROOTED IN LOCAL WISDOM TO STRENGTHEN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN PLURALISTIC COMMUNITIES IN BENGKULU
This study aims to analyze the promotion of religious moderation villages based on local wisdom as a strategy for fostering religious cosmopolitanism in the pluralistic society of Bengkulu. This program leverages the values of tolerance, cooperation, and respect for diversity through an approach rooted in local wisdom that is rich in culture and customs. This approach is considered effective in reducing religion-based conflicts and fostering social harmony. The study employs qualitative methods, including literature review, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The findings indicate that the implementation of local wisdom values through the Religious Moderation Village program can enhance public awareness of the importance of diversity and strengthen religious education in building a cosmopolitan way of life. Strategic recommendations are also provided to support the expansion and sustainability of this program. Keywords: Kampung Moderasi, local wisdom, religious cosmopolitanism, pluralistic society, Bengkulu.
SELF-EXPRESSION AND IDENTITY NEGOTIATION IN GRADUATION PHOTOGRAPHS ON INSTAGRAM
This article examines graduation photographs on Instagram as a contemporary visual practice that reflects a shift in the meaning of graduation. Employing a descriptive qualitative method grounded in Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach at the level of connotation encompassing trick effects, pose, objects, photogenia, and Aestheticism. This study analyzes expressive graduation photographs by drawing visual data from three Indonesian cities with the highest student populations: Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. The findings indicate that graduation photographs on Instagram not only represent academic achievement but also function as a medium of self-expression and identity negotiation across personal, relational, and cultural dimensions. The analysis further reveals that graduation is interpreted as a multifaceted transitional event in which institutional symbols coexist with personal and context specific self-narratives. This article contributes to visual and cultural studies by demonstrating how graduation is re-signified as a plural transitional practice, where institutional legitimacy is articulated alongside personal and contextual narratives through photographic representation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT IN SUMMARECON MUTIARA HOUSING IN MAKASSAR CITY
The green building concept is a strategy to reduce global warming caused by the construction sector. The application of the green building concept is increasingly becoming an important topic in modern housing development to reduce negative impacts on the environment in improving the quality of life of its occupants. Green buildings not only focus on energy efficiency and waste reduction but also pay attention to the health of occupants and harmonious integration with the surrounding environment. The application of the green building concept in Summarecon housing has met the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) standards, but due to the need for occupant space, the homeowner changed the green open area, which resulted in the house no longer meeting GBCI standards. This change was caused by the need for a lot of homeowner space, resulting in excessive electricity use and suboptimal air ventilation. This research method was carried out using a qualitative method, this study aims to determine the application of the post-occupancy green building concept in Summarecon Mutiara housing, Makassar City.
APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR CHILDREN AS PERPETRATORS OF MORAL CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
The court's verdict in the sexual intercourse against children case substituted prison time and fines with vocational education as the primary penalties. The alternative to a fine for a juvenile offender who cannot pay it is either mandatory labor training with a grace period or incarceration. Judgmental decisions involving moral crimes perpetrated against children are based on both legal and non-legal factors. The elements of the articles charged to the juvenile offender must be proven by legitimate evidence in accordance with article 184 of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code and the judge's conviction; this is one aspect of the legal considerations. The presence of a community study report prepared by the Community, the judge's observation during the hearing, and other non-juridical factors Supervisor from the Correctional Center which contains the background, family, social, economic and association of the child defendant in his environment as well as the judge's knowledge and experience in examining cases of moral crimes, especially the crime of sexual intercourse. Community advisors conduct community research only on child defendants and do not conduct community research on child victims, so that the recommendation, according to the judge, sees the best interests of the child defendant but is not necessarily the best thing for child victims. The judge in making his decision, correctly considered and based on the results of the research on the requirements but rarely accommodated the recommendations of the community's research results in his decision. This is because the Judge has an obligation to maintain a sense of justice for child victims and the benefits of sanctions for child defendants so that the verdict can be the best thing for both parties or parties related to the crime.
The Role of COVID-19 and CSR Disclosure in Weakening Corporate Value
This study aims to analyze Profitability (ROE), Company Size (SIZE) and Dividend Policy (DPR) on Company Value (PER), the role of Covid-19 (C-19) and CSR Disclosure (CSR) in weakening and strengthening Profitability (ROE), Company Size (SIZE) and Dividend Policy (DPR) on Company Value (PER). The population of this study is consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2014-2023. The sample of this study using the purposive sampling method obtained 11 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2014-2023, resulting in a total of 110 observation data. The data analysis method uses Eviews12. The findings of the study indicate that ROE has a negative impact, while SIZE and DPR have no effect on PER. C-19 strengthens the relationship between ROE and PER, but does not moderate the effect of SIZE and DPR on PER. CSR actually weakens the relationship between ROE and PER and does not moderate the effect of SIZE and DPR on PER. The novelty of this research is that it uses a 10-year period to examine company value.
CSR Disclosure (CSR) and Company Value (PER)
THE INFLUENCE OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH PRICE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE IN XIAOMI PRODUCTS
This study aims to analyze the influence of Country of Origin (COO) on Price and Purchase Decisions, both directly and indirectly, with Price as a mediating variable, focusing on Xiaomi products. The findings reveal that consumer perceptions of a product's country of origin significantly influence their evaluation of price. However, perceptions of the country of origin do not directly impact purchase decisions, as consumers prioritize product quality and features. Price emerges as the primary determinant of purchase decisions, with competitive pricing aligned with quality driving consumer purchases. Additionally, perceptions of the country of origin indirectly influence purchase decisions through price. This research provides strategic insights for Xiaomi to manage brand image, optimize pricing strategies, and enhance competitiveness in the global market.
RECONSTRUCTION PROVISIONS ON COORDINATION BETWEEN INTELIGENCE AGENCIES TO IMPROVE NATIONAL SECURITY IN INDONESIA
This study discusses the reconstruction of regulations regarding coordination among intelligence agencies to enhance national security in Indonesia. The primary focus is on the dual authority between the State Intelligence Agency (Badan Intelijen Negara, BIN) and the Police Intelligence and Security Agency (Baintelkam) following the enactment of Law No. 17 of 2011 on State Intelligence. The research approach used in this thesis is normative juridical with a multidisciplinary approach that combines the disciplines of law and management. The findings indicate that overlapping authority and the lack of an integrated information-sharing mechanism lead to policy fragmentation and delayed responses to national security threats. The study’s main recommendation is to revise Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Indonesian National Police to align the strategic role of BIN with the operational duties of Baintelkam. Furthermore, clear implementing regulations are needed to establish coordination and information-sharing mechanisms, ensuring an effective, efficient, and integrated intelligence system to address increasingly complex threats in Indonesia.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON TEACHERS’ TEACHING STRATEGIES IN TEACHINGREADING SKILL
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students’ perception on teachers’ teaching strategies in teaching reading skill. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this research. In order to answer the research question, the researcher collected data from questionnaire. the researcher distributed a questionnaire to the students that contained some questions in order to get perception on the teacher's strategies in teaching reading. Data analysis in this research used descriptive analysis and the process used is tabulating data, which includes scoring and tabulating. The results of the research on student perception towards teaching strategies in teaching reading indicated that the most preferred strategies are brainstorming, predicting, and making connections. On the other hand, students did not recommend the use of visualizing, summarizing, and questioning as effective reading strategies. This research also suggest that teachers/lecturers should consider incorporating more brainstorming, predicting, and making connections activities in their reading instruction to better engage to their students.
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY BAND CONCEPTS
Introduction to Electrical Engineering covers various fundamental concepts, one of which is the concept of energy bands in semiconductors. Understanding this concept is very important because semiconductors are the basic materials in many electronic devices, including transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. The energy band theory provides important insights into the electrical properties and conductivity of solid materials. By understanding this concept, it can be explained why some materials are conductors, insulators, or semiconductors. The energy band theory is very important in the development and understanding many different electronic components, including solar cells, LEDs, diodes, and transistors. Understanding the electrical and optical properties of semiconductor materials requires an understanding of the energy band. There are two primary components to the energy band: the band of valence and the conduction band. The valence band is an energy band that may be filled by electrons from a solid to a complete state, while the conduction band is an energy band above the valence band that may be filled by electrons that have higher energy. The concept of energy bands is one of the important concepts in understanding the properties of semiconductors. The energy band is the range of energy available to electrons in a material. Semiconductors have many applications in the field of electronics. For example, semiconductors are used in the manufacture of computers, electronic devices, thermocouples, and many more.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Linguistic differences and cultural norms are often a major source of misunderstanding and tension in digital interactions. Language barriers can reduce the effectiveness of information exchange, while differences in etiquette and communication styles can affect the quality of communication and coordination between cultures. Differences in access to technology also contribute to unequal participation in global digital communication. Therefore, concerted efforts are needed from technology providers and international organisations to create platforms that are more inclusive and responsive to cultural diversity. Improved cross-cultural education and digital literacy are key to addressing these challenges and supporting harmonious interactions online.
INNOVATION IN AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY, CONSERVATION OF PRODUCTION FACTORS, AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Technological innovation in the agricultural sector plays an important role in addressing environmental challenges, conservation of production factors, and sustainable agricultural development. This study discusses how modern technologies, such as smart irrigation, precision agriculture, and biopesticides, can protect the agricultural environment through efficient use of natural resources and reduced negative impacts on the ecosystem. In addition, conservation of production factors, including land, water, and energy, is a major focus in ensuring agricultural sustainability. These innovations enable more efficient use of resources, maintain productivity, while minimizing environmental damage. On the other hand, sustainable agricultural development integrates technological aspects with economic and social approaches to ensure farmer welfare and sustainable food production. Environmentally friendly technology plays a role in reducing dependence on chemicals and fossil fuels, and encouraging wise management of natural resources. Thus, technological innovation not only supports agricultural productivity, but also maintains ecosystem balance, ensures resource sustainability, and improves the quality of life of agricultural communities. This study confirms that through the application of appropriate technological innovation, the agricultural sector can become more efficient, productive, and sustainable, meeting global food needs without sacrificing environmental health and the welfare of future generations.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA 5.0
In the context of Industry 5.0, this study intends to examine how well human resource management practices are being implemented in terms of enhancing organizational performance. The fusion of cutting-edge technologies with a human-centered approach, like automation, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, characterizes this period. In facing these changes, organizations need to adopt human resource policies that are able to accommodate technological developments, as well as improve employee welfare and productivity. The study's findings show that human resource policies that focus on personalization, work flexibility, skill enhancement through reskilling and upskilling, and collaboration between humans and technology are able to significantly improve organizational performance. In addition, innovative leadership support and an adaptive organizational culture additionally contribute significantly to the effective execution of this policy. As a result, this study highlights how crucial it is to have efficient human resource management to meet obstacles and seize opportunities in the Industry 5.0 era in order to achieve more optimal organizational performance.
IMPLEMENTATION OF BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION IN BREAST CANCER PREVENTION IN ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
In particular for teenagers, Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of sickness and death worldwide, and breast self-examination is an essential tool for its early diagnosis, and knowledge of the importance of this examination is essential to prevent this disease. Performing breast self-examination regularly helps adolescents to recognize changes in their breasts. In addition, breast self-examination also serves as an initial step to detect abnormalities, which if found early, can increase the chances of recovery. Although many adolescents already understand the importance of breast self-examination, additional socialization and motivation are still needed to encourage them to carry out regular examinations. Educational activities that involve direct interaction and discussion can increase adolescents' understanding and awareness of breast cancer and how crucial early identification is. The application of self-examination for breast cancer in preventing breast cancer in adolescents is very important and must be supported by effective education and ongoing motivation.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TO INCREASE ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Effective human resource management strategies in the digital era play a crucial role in increasing economic productivity. This article discusses the importance of digital skills development, work culture transformation, and technology adoption in HR management. Investment in digital training enables the workforce to stay relevant to market needs, while an innovative and flexible work culture drives productivity and work-life balance. In addition, the use of technologies such as human resource management systems and data analytics provides significant operational efficiencies. Implementing these strategies also requires adaptive leadership that is able to inspire teams and encourage cross-functional collaboration. While there are challenges, such as skills gaps and technology access, a holistic approach involving various stakeholders can help overcome these obstacles. This article concludes that digital-based human resource strategies not only increase organizational competitiveness but also have a positive impact on society, create more inclusive employment opportunities, and drive sustainable economic growth.
HISTORY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL ACT OF DEFAMATION AGAINST THE STATE SYMBOL
The history of the Indonesian national symbol, Garuda, has been known to the people of the archipelago since the fifth century during the Tarumanegara Kingdom, whose king, Purnawarman, embraced the Hinduism of the Vishnu sect and since then the Garuda symbol has been known in the archipelago. On January 10, 1950, the government of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) at that time formed a technical committee called the State Symbol Committee chaired by Mohammad Yamin. which finally the symbol proposed by Sultan Hamid II was Garuda because he was inspired by the majesty of the mythological bird and hoped that Indonesia could also become a strong country. The regulation of law enforcement for criminal acts of desecration of the Garuda national symbol is carried out through criminal liability by fulfilling the elements and applying criminal sanctions for criminal acts of desecration of the national symbol as stipulated in Article 68 of Law Number 24 of 2009 concerning the Flag, Language, and State Symbol, and the National Anthem, where the perpetrators are subject to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years or a maximum fine of Rp. 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah).
HARMONIZATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE IN MULTI-ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN VILLAGES
This research discusses the strategies and efforts made to harmonize socio-cultural life in multi-ethnic communities in villages. In the context of ethnic diversity, socio-cultural harmony is a crucial aspect for creating a stable, peaceful and productive society. This research uses a qualitative approach with field study methods and in-depth interviews to collect data from various ethnic groups in the village. The results of this research show that the success of socio-cultural harmonization is greatly influenced by: Inclusive Infrastructure Development which provides public facilities and public spaces that are accessible to all citizens. Promotion of Culture and Tradition through cultural festivals, multicultural education, and programs that appreciate the contributions of all ethnicities. Increased Political Participation by including representatives from each ethnic group in village decision making. Women's Empowerment which focuses on increasing the role and contribution of women in the community. Monitoring and Evaluation with the development of clear metrics to assess harmonization progress and identify areas requiring improvement. This research concludes that socio-cultural harmonization in multi-ethnic villages can be achieved through a holistic and collaborative approach. Integrative efforts, involving all levels of society, are needed to create a just, tolerant and harmonious environment. Pragmatically, socio-cultural harmonization not only maintains social cohesion but also promotes sustainable development and the welfare of all village residents.
GAMIFICATION IN EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING LEARNING TO BE MORE FUN AND EFFECTIVE
Gamification in education is an innovative approach that applies game elements and principles to the learning process. Its main goal is to increase student engagement and motivation, thus creating a more enjoyable and effective learning experience. In its implementation, gamification incorporates technology to provide an interactive learning environment that focuses on achievement and skill development. While it offers many benefits, gamification implementation also faces challenges, including the need for proper planning and adaptation according to the specific needs of the curriculum. This shows that when implemented correctly, gamification can be a powerful tool to advance pedagogy and improve student academic outcomes.
FROM SUBJUGATION TO SELF-REALIZATION: ANALYSING THE TENSION BETWEEN POWER AND IDENTITY IN THE CASTLE BY HOWARD BARKER
Howard Barker’s The Castle explores power, identity, and self-realization in a post- crusade medieval society. Barker’s Theatre of Catastrophe rejects conventional narratives, focusing on ambiguity and moral paradox. The play examines the clash between patriarchal authority, personal desires, and the communal upheaval caused by returning crusaders. This study places Barker’s work within critiques of power and explores the conflict between subjugation and agency. This paper examines how Barker depicts the interplay of power and identity in the play. It focuses on characters transforming under oppressive systems. The study also explores Barker’s critique of dominant ideologies. Using close reading, this study analyses dialogues, characters, and structure in the play. It investigates the treatment of power and identity. The analysis uses poststructuralist theory, particularly Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, to explore identity construction and deconstruction. Barker’s essays and critical analyses of the Theatre of Catastrophe provide additional context. The analysis finds that The Castle portrays power as a dynamic and oppressive force. This force both shapes and fractures identity. Characters like Ann, Skinner, and Stucley resist imposed social, religious, and political roles. Through rebellion and defiance, they assert their agency. Barker’s fragmented narrative and morally ambiguous characters show identity as unstable and contingent. Barker’s The Castle critiques power’s corrosive effects on identity. It also highlights resistance and transformation as paths to self-realization. The play’s unresolved nature reflects the enduring complexity of power relations. By challenging traditional views of authority, Barker invites reflection on complicity in oppressive systems. This study contributes to broader discussions of power and identity in drama and literature. It underscores Barker’s relevance to political and philosophical debates.
ENHANCING SECRETARIES' PRESENTATION SKILLS USING NLP TECHNIQUES WITH SENSORY REPRESENTATION SYSTEMS
This research examines the impact of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) techniques, particularly sensory representation systems, on enhancing secretaries' presentation skills. In today's fast-paced business environments, secretaries are required to deliver impactful and clear presentations. By applying NLP’s visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) model, secretaries can tailor their presentations to match the sensory preferences of their audience. The study suggests that utilizing sensory representation systems not only improves audience engagement and retention but also aligns with cognitive and constructivist learning theories, making presentations more effective. This research uses qualitative, literature-based methods to explore the significance of NLP in professional development for secretaries.
EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN COMPUTING: AN ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCH
This research explores the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the context of modern computing, focusing on analysing a range of recent research. AI has undergone significant development, with key advances in machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing that have increased its analytical and computational capacity. The review notes how AI has been widely adopted in various industries, including healthcare, automotive, finance, and manufacturing, bringing significant improvements in productivity and decision-making. However, the research also highlighted emerging challenges, such as ethical issues, data privacy, and algorithmic biases, that need serious attention. In conclusion, while AI in modern computing shows promising progress, continuous research and innovation are needed to overcome these challenges to realise AI's full potential.