INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) is published once a month triannually and serves as a peer-reviewed journal specializing in field research and literature review related to Humanities and Social Science. Its aim is to offer readers a better understanding of Humanities and Social Science and to present progress through the publication of research articles and reports, which include field studies and literature reviews. This journal invites scholars and experts working in all disciplines. Articles must be original, based on field research and literature, have never been published before, and are not being considered for publication in other journals. All submitted papers will be reviewed by the Editor, editorial board, and blind reviewers. Submissions that violate our format or length guidelines will be rejected without review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the fields of humanity, social science. Humanities include: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Arts, Philosophy, Religion, Fine Arts. Social Science fields of Science include: Economics, politics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Cultural and Ethical Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archeology, and other related fields Editor in Chief : Assoc.Prof. Dr. Aslan, M.Pd. I ISSN : 3030-802X (Online) Index : Google, Garuda, ICI Copernicus Publication Frequently : a Mountly Publisher : Adisam Publisher Contact Person : +62 852-4526-8806
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING AT THE DENPASAR DISTRICT PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
Legal protection for victims is a state obligation to guarantee human rights, especially for victims of human trafficking who experience physical, psy-chological, and social suffering. The Denpasar District Attorney's Office has a strategic role in providing legal protection to victims of human trafficking during the law enforcement process. This study examines the forms of legal protection for victims of human trafficking at the Denpasar District Attor-ney's Office and examines how legal protection is implemented for victims of human trafficking at the Denpasar District Attorney's Office. The research method used is empirical legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and so-ciological approach. That the form of legal protection includes identity pro-tection, assistance, examination in a special room, and fulfillment of restitu-tion rights. Its implementation is carried out through a victim-perspective approach and coordination with relevant agencies. Legal protection has been implemented, but still needs strengthening. That it can be directed at opti-mizing coordination and fulfilling victims' rights on an ongoing basis.
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS
UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF TAIPA WEAVING IN SOROWAKO, SOUTH SULAWESI: FROM TRADITIONAL HERITAGE TO CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL EXPRESSION
Taipa Weaving is a cultural heritage of the Sorowako community, East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, which embodies historical, social, and cultural values through its distinctive motifs. However, the complexity of traditional motifs often limits public understanding and recognition of the cultural meanings they represent. This study aims to examine the transformation of Taipa Weaving motifs as an effort to enhance public understanding and recognition of the cultural values embedded within them. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observation, documentation, and interviews with local weavers and cultural practitioners. The findings reveal that Taipa Weaving motifs are derived from various local cultural artifacts, including pottery ornaments, stone engravings, traditional tools, and natural elements. These visual sources have undergone processes of simplification, stylization, and repetition, resulting in motifs that are more structured, recognizable, and suitable for textile applications while preserving their original cultural meanings. The transformation process reflects a form of cultural adaptation that enables local cultural values to remain relevant and accessible to contemporary society. The study concludes that motif transformation contributes to strengthening public recognition of Taipa Weaving and supports the preservation of Sorowako's cultural identity through more communicative visual representations.
DETERMINANTS OF YOUNG PEOPLE'S INTEREST IN BECOMING RICE FARMERS IN PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE
The sustainability of the agricultural sector in Penebel District is currently facing serious challenges due to the declining interest of the younger generation in pursuing rice farming as a profession. This study was designed to examine: (1) the contribution of motivation, perceptions of agriculture, agricultural experience, gender, educational level, parents’ occupation, availability of family-owned rice fields, and family economic conditions to young people's interest in becoming rice farmers; (2) the moderating role of perceptions of agriculture on the relationship between family economic conditions and such interest; and (3) the most dominant factor influencing this interest. The study involved 100 young farmers aged 19–39 years who were selected through accidental sampling in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. Data collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach with SmartPLS 3 software. The findings indicate that motivation, agricultural experience, parents’ occupation, availability of family-owned rice fields, family economic conditions, and perceptions of agriculture have a positive and significant effect on increasing young people's interest in rice farming. Among these variables, motivation was identified as the most influential factor. Furthermore, perceptions of agriculture negatively moderate (weaken) the effect of family economic conditions on such interest. In contrast, gender and educational level were found to have no significant effect. These findings imply the importance of government initiatives in promoting technology-based modern agriculture and protecting the availability of rice fields through agricultural land zoning regulations.
THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT, REGIONAL ORIGINAL REVENUE (PAD), GENERAL ALLOCATION FUND (DAU), AND REGIONAL EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN REGENCIES AND MUNICIPALITIES OF WEST PAPUA PROVINCE
Economic growth is an important indicator of regional development influenced by economic and fiscal factors, including investment, Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), and regional expenditure. This study aims to analyze the effect of investment, PAD, DAU, and regional expenditure on the economic growth of regencies/cities in West Papua Province during 2019–2022, both simultaneously and partially. The study employed a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia, the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, and the Ministry of Investment and Downstream Industry/BKPM. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22 through descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, F-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination. The results show that all variables simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth. Partially, investment has no significant effect, while PAD and regional expenditure have a positive significant effect, and DAU has a negative significant effect. Regional expenditure is the most dominant variable, with a coefficient of determination of 87%.
MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY INNOVATION IN SEMI-URBAN LAMPUNG
Community-based initiatives in developing country settings often fail not from a lack of initial participation, but from the absence of the institutional and social conditions needed to sustain what that participation created. The existing literature documents this difficulty consistently: more than seventy percent of such initiatives stagnate or regress within three to five years, particularly when external funding is reduced or removed (Dees et al., 2004; Moulaert et al., 2013). Pasar Yosomulyo Pelangi, known locally as Payungi, a community-run creative market in Kelurahan Yosomulyo, Kota Metro, Lampung, has operated outside this pattern since its founding in October 2018, maintaining viability across economic, social, institutional, and cultural dimensions without recurring external subsidy. This study draws on qualitative fieldwork conducted in Q3 2025 in Kelurahan Yosomulyo, involving in-depth interviews with 23 informants drawn from multiple participant categories, participant observation, and documentary analysis. The analysis reveals three interconnected mechanisms that explain Payungi's durability. First, its institutional design emerged from deliberate learning after an earlier initiative collapsed under administrative boundary conflicts. Second, contrary to the commonly assumed trade-off between bonding and bridging social capital in diverse communities, what the Payungi data shows is that strong bonding capital at the neighborhood level provided the stable foundation from which bridging capital across ethnic, gender, and disability lines could be deliberately constructed. Third, selective formalization, the practice of formalizing legally necessary functions while preserving participatory informality in governance decisions, allowed Payungi to navigate bureaucratic requirements without losing its grassroots character. These findings extend social capital theory for multi-ethnic semi-urban contexts in the Global South and offer practical lessons for community development practitioners.
GREEN TAX INCENTIVES AND CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE: INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
This study aims to analyze the relationship between green tax incentives and sustainability performance based on international empirical evidence. Increasing global pressure on climate change, energy transition, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has prompted various countries to implement environmentally-based fiscal policies to encourage more sustainable business practices. The method used in this study is a literature review, examining various scientific articles, policy reports, and international academic publications that discuss the implementation of green tax incentives and their impact on environmental, social, and corporate governance aspects. The results of the study indicate that green tax incentives, such as tax credits, tax allowances, tax holidays, and super deductions for environmentally friendly investments, contribute positively to encouraging the adoption of green technology, increasing energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and strengthening companies' Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices. Furthermore, these incentives can reduce investment barriers to sustainable innovation and enhance long-term corporate competitiveness. However, the effectiveness of these policies is strongly influenced by the quality of governance, regulatory certainty, institutional capacity, and the level of corporate awareness of the sustainability agenda.
THE EFFECT OF PAY SATISFACTION AND SATISFACTION WITH SUPERVISOR ON TURNOVER INTENTION MEDIATED BY WORK MOTIVATION
Ulfa, The Effect of Pay Satisfaction and Satisfaction With Supervisor on Turnover Intention is mediated by Work Motivation (Study at PT. Kalimantan Prima Persada Rantau), Zakhyadi Ariffin (Supervisor). This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of pay satisfaction on turnover intention, satisfaction with supervisor on turnover intention, work motivation on turnover intention, the mediating role of work motivation on pay satisfaction on turnover intention, and the mediating role of work motivation on satisfaction with supervisor on Turnover intention in PT studies. Kalimantan Prima Persada Rantau. This research uses a quantitative type of research. The research method uses a questionnaire with a total of 128 samples as respondents. Variable measurement uses an interval scale, specifically a Likert scale with a scale weight of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Moreover, data analysis in this research uses Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of this study are concluded as follows: (1) there is a negative influence of pay satisfaction on turnover intention, (2) there is a negative influence of satisfaction with supervisor on turnover intention, (3) there is a negative influence of work motivation on turnover intention, (4) there is a positive influence of pay satisfaction on work motivation, (5) there is a positive influence of satisfaction with supervisor on work motivation, (6) there is an influence of work motivation mediating the relationship between pay satisfaction and turnover intention, and finally, (7) there is an influence of work motivation mediating the relationship of satisfaction with supervisors on turnover intention.
TRANSFORMING PUBLIC SPACES IN THE DIGITAL AGE: HOW TECHNOLOGY CHANGES THE FACE OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
This research examines the transformation of public space in the digital era and its impact on the patterns and quality of social interaction. Digital technology, especially the internet and social media, has played a significant role in revolutionizing the way individuals communicate and interact. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this research illustrates how technology has enabled global connectivity, expanded social networks, and created new platforms for cultural expression and collaboration. On the other hand, this research also identifies challenges that arise as a result of these changes, such as social fragmentation, the decline in the quality of face-to-face interactions, and the complexity of digital privacy and ethical issues. This research highlights the importance of societal adaptation to new social norms and the development of digital literacy to effectively manage the impact of this transformation. Thus, this research not only provides insight into the role of technology in changing the face of social interaction but also emphasizes the need for a critical and reflective approach in dealing with these new dynamics.
GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN GOVERNANCE: MODEL AND POLICY
Gender inequality is a condition that places women after men which then raises the gender equality movement through Gender Mainstreaming (PUG). Gender mainstreaming has not been too revealing of results and enjoyed equally in Lampung Province so that a policy is needed as a real effort in implementing Gender Mainstreaming. This study aims to look at the efforts of the Lampung Province government as policy makers in realizing gender equality in Lampung Province through a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that Gender Mainstreaming in Lampung Province is stated in the Lampung Provincial Regulation Number 10 of 2011 concerning Gender Mainstreaming in Regional Development and is at the socialization stage as a form of strengthening the acceleration of the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in Lampung Province.
EKOPEMBADIG: DATA-BASED EDUCATION ECOSYSTEM DASHBOARD AS A GOVERNANCE INNOVATION TO INCREASE STUDENT LITERACY IN TULANG BAWANG REGENCY
Tulang Bawang Regency is a condition which this research defines as a broken policy cycle, a condition in which the data is abundant by means of the Rapor Pendidikan and ANBK system, but perpetually fails to access the actors who need it through a form which can be utilized. This study creates and confirms the EKOPEMBADIG Dashboard model, Ekosistem Komunitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Digital, as an management reconstruction intervention that is not only presenting data but converting data into predictive and prescriptive intervention recommendations at the school level. The article implemented a case study methodology using a single instrument with a critical framework and NVivo Project Map analysis, engaging 25 informants from diverse levels of the ecosystem to trace the design logic of EKOPEMBADIG and its discernible impacts on actor capability. The findings indicate that EKOPEMBADIG’s four-layer architecture, from data sources to ETL and validation, analytics, and decision and recommendation, produces measurable changes in the way actors operate in the ecosystem. School principals are transforming from passive administrative executors to evidence-based leaders; teachers are transforming from routine-driven instruction to strategy adjustment based on student profiles; and supervisors are transforming to indicator-based supervision with predictive early warning capacity. The model operationalizes a six-stage data-driven policy cycle and recommends a Regent’s Regulation as the regulatory foundation without which the ecosystem remains dependent on individual leadership continuity rather than institutional architecture. Theoretically, this study adds to the glocal model of human-centered development, theory of change, and distributed leadership in the context of the specific limitations of an Indonesian regency. In practice, EKOPEMBADIG provides a reproducible blueprint for regencies with the same paradox of data abundance without policy consequence.
TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
Public service transformation is a crucial strategic step in implementing more responsive and accountable government administration. For long- term success, this transformation must be supported by strong leadership, effective change management, and strategies that focus on sustainability and inclusiveness. This study explores the transformation of public services in the implementation of government administration, focusing on the impacts on efficiency, transparency, accountability, and public participation. This transformation, which is mainly driven by digitalization and technological innovation, is expected to improve the quality of public services and strengthen good governance. This transformation contributes significantly to improving operational efficiency, reducing bureaucracy, and accelerating the service process. In addition, transparency and accountability in government are strengthened through easier access to public information and a more effective performance monitoring system. However, this study also identifies challenges faced, including the digital divide that can widen the inequality in access to public services. Therefore, efforts are needed to bridge this gap and ensure inclusiveness in public service transformation.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN PUBLIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Social media plays an important role in increasing public participation. Platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram enable the rapid and widespread dissemination of information among the public, so that people become more informed about important issues. In addition, social media provides a space for people to express their opinions and interact directly with policymakers, creating a more inclusive and democratic form of participation. Through social media, individuals are able to engage in public discussions, contribute to social movements, and influence societal decision-making processes. However, the positive impact of social media on public participation must also be managed wisely due to significant challenges. The spread of inaccurate news and misinformation through social media can cause confusion and conflict in society. Algorithms that favor controversial or extreme content also have the potential to exacerbate political polarization and divide communities. To face these challenges, good digital literacy is needed so that people can be more critical in evaluating the information they receive and share. In addition, collaboration between the government, social media platform administrators and the public is needed to ensure that social media can be utilized positively and constructively to increase public participation. With the right approach, social media has the potential to be an effective tool to create a more inclusive, transparent and responsive public decision-making process.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
This study aims to examine the effect of working capital management on the profitability of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. Working capital is proxied through three main components, namely accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, and accounts payable, while profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM). The research method used is a quantitative approach with a causal- comparative type of research and panel data regression analysis techniques to identify cause-and-effect relationships between variables. The research results indicate that the effectiveness of managing receivables and inventory significantly positively affects the company's profitability, while the use of trade credit as short-term financing also contributes positively if managed proportionally. This research emphasizes the importance of integrated working capital management strategies to enhance operational efficiency and the competitiveness of companies in the manufacturing sector. The implications of these findings provide practical guidance for financial managers in designing optimal working capital policies to achieve sustainable profitability.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CIVILISATION IN VARIOUS FIELDS
Islamic civilisation had a major impact on the development of science, technology, art and culture. In the field of science, Muslim scholars such as Al-Khwarizmi and Ibn Sina made significant breakthroughs that formed the basis of modern science. Technology flourished with innovations in irrigation, navigation and various mechanical devices that supported daily life as well as global exploration. Islamic art and culture offered great contributions through magnificent architecture, beautiful calligraphic art, and literary and musical works that enriched global culture, demonstrating the harmony between aesthetics and spirituality that is distinctive in Islamic culture.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ADOLESCENTS' IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
This research aims to critically analyze the influence of social media on the identity construction process of teenagers in the digital era. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study explores the complexities and nuances of the interactions between social media use and adolescent identity development. The research methodology involves a systematic search and in-depth analysis of a variety of academic sources, including scientific journals, books and relevant research reports. These sources are selected based on their relevance, credibility, and novelty to provide a broad understanding of the topic. The research results reveal that social media plays a significant role in adolescent identity formation, offering a platform for self-exploration, expression, and social connection. However, this research also highlights the potential negative consequences of excessive engagement in social media, such as pressure to conform, social anxiety, and the formation of a fragmented identity. Further critical analysis explores the long-term implications of teens' digital footprints on social media, as well as the critical role of digital literacy and online reputation management in navigating this complex landscape. This study emphasizes the need for a collaborative approach involving youth, parents, educators, and society to support healthy identity development in the digital era. This research provides valuable insight into the influence of social media on adolescents' identity construction and highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to empower adolescents to harness the positive potential of social media while addressing its risks. The findings from this literature study provide a strong foundation for further research and the development of effective interventions to support healthy adolescent identity development in the digital era.
THE REPEAL OF INDONESIA’S DEATH PENALTY FOR CORRUPT OFFICIALS
The implementation of the death penalty for corruptors in Indonesia is criticized for its ineffectiveness in deterring corruption and its inconsistency with the country’s commitment to upholding human rights. While some nations enforce the death penalty for corruption with minimal success, others achieve better results through preventive measures that do not involve capital punishment. The death penalty is seen as contradicting Indonesia's legal framework and international human rights obligations, as it is equated to state-sponsored premeditated murder. As an alternative, this paper proposes impoverishing corruptors by recovering misappropriated state assets and imposing restrictions on their civil and political rights, thereby preventing recidivism and reducing future harm to the state. This approach would align with human rights principles while fostering a more effective anti-corruption strategy.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: AN HRM LITERATURE PERSPECTIVE
Job satisfaction and employee performance are two crucial aspects that are interrelated in human resource management. Research shows that there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and employee performance, where satisfied employees tend to show higher productivity, stronger levels of commitment, and lower absenteeism. However, the literature also indicates that this relationship is influenced by various other factors, such as intrinsic motivation, personal values, and work environment conditions. Therefore, management needs to consider the broader context to ensure sustainable improvements in employee performance. Contemporary approaches emphasise the importance of an integrated strategy, which not only increases job satisfaction but also creates a supportive work environment to achieve optimal performance. An effective HRM strategy will take into account both psychological and structural aspects to maximise employee performance and thus have a positive impact on the whole organisation.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE IN PREDICTING EARNINGS PER SHARE: A PANEL DATA APPROACH
This study aims to analyze the role of financial leverage in predicting earnings per share (EPS) using a panel data approach. Leverage is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), while EPS is used as the main indicator of the company's profitability performance. The research sample consists of non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018–2023, selected using purposive sampling technique. The analysis method used is panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach, which was chosen based on the results of the Hausman test. The research results indicate that leverage has a negative and significant impact on EPS, which suggests that excessive use of debt can reduce earnings per share due to high interest expenses. These findings have important implications for company management in optimally managing capital structure and for investors in assessing the company's financial risk.
THE ROLE OF LAW IN REALIZING SOCIAL JUSTICE: PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
This study discussed the role of law as an instrument for realizing social justice in Indonesia through the perspective of philosophy of science. Law was not only understood as a set of formal norms but also as a means of social transformation grounded in ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundations. Using a normative juridical research method and a qualitative approach based on literature review, this research analyzed the contributions of various legal theories and theories of justice including Satjipto Rahardjo’s responsive law, John Rawls’ theory of distributive justice, H.L.A. Hart’s legal positivism, Amartya Sen’s development paradigm, and Alasdair MacIntyre’s ethics of justice in shaping a legal framework that was inclusive and responsive to complex social realities. The findings showed that law in Indonesia had the potential to become a catalyst for social change through redistributive policies, protection of vulnerable groups, and strengthening of community solidarity. The perspective of philosophy of science deepened the understanding of the relationship between law and social justice, particularly in explaining the nature of law as an adaptive institution (ontology), the process of legal knowledge formation (epistemology), and the substantive values of justice underpinning legal practice (axiology).
THE ROLE OF E-COMMERCE IN CREATING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MSME MANAGERS THROUGH TRAINING
Empowering MSMEs is one of the national priorities considering their great potential and greatness in facing the economic crisis, helping to absorb labor, and as a motor of national economic growth. Therefore, MSMEs need to be managed by leaders who are creative and agile in all changes. This study aims to answer the question of how to implement "creative thinking and Innovation" training for MSME owners and managers and what problems are faced in implementing the training and what solutions are offered to overcome existing problems. This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was obtained through semi-structured interviews with MSME managers and training managers. The results of the study indicate that the role of E-commerce is very large in providing creative thinking training for MSME managers. To maintain the quality of training, aspects of materials, methods and instructors must be the concern of the organizers.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND SELF EFFICACY ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR WITH EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE AT CLASS III AIRPORT OPERATOR OFFICE IN WEST PAPUA
Every organization or company operates by using all its resources to produce goods or services that have selling power. The resources owned by a company are required to be able to empower and optimize their use for the continuity of the next company. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment and self-efficacy on organizational citizenship behavior with employee engagement as an intervening variable at the class III airport operator office in West Papua. the sample of respondents was 150 civil servants at the Class III Airport Operator Unit Office in West Papua, based on the Cluster Random Sampling method. The data were tabulated and analyzed using multiple regression methods with the help of SPSS. Causality analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Hypothesis testing is done using the AMOS 24 program which can process dimensional and tiered research models. The results showed that organizational commitment (X1) had no effect on employee engagement (Z1). Self efficacy (X2) has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement (Z1), organizational commitment (X1) has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (Z2). Self efficacy (X2) has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (Z2). Employee engagement (Z1) has no effect on organizational citizenship behavior (Z2).
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON TOURISM DESTINATION PROMOTION
The purpose of this study is to examine how digital marketing affects tourism destination promotion. In the increasingly developing digital era, traditional marketing has shifted, where digital marketing plays an increasingly important role in attracting tourists and building the image of tourist destinations. The study's findings demonstrate the substantial impact that digital marketing impact on increasing the exposure and reach of tourism destination promotion. Through social media, sponsored advertising, graphic content, and search engine optimization (SEO), tourist destinations are able to reach a wider and more targeted audience. In addition, digital marketing has also been proven to be able to improve the positive image of destinations through user reviews, influencer involvement, and interesting content. The application of technological tools like augmented reality and virtual tours provides a more interactive experience for potential tourists, thereby increasing the attractiveness of the destination. This study's conclusion is that digital marketing is a very effective tool in promoting tourist destinations, both in terms of costs and results obtained. The implementation of the right digital marketing strategy can help tourist destinations increase the number of visits, strengthen their image, and maintain competitiveness in the global tourism market.
THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES
Regional economic integration, which includes free trade agreements, economic unions, and currency unions, has a positive impact on the financial performance of multinational companies. The study conducted in this research uses qualitative research methods. The results show that regional economic integration creates various opportunities that, if handled properly, can strengthen the financial performance of multinational companies. By utilizing broader market access, more efficient resources, and a more harmonious business environment, companies can improve their competitiveness and profitability.
THE IMPACT OF GEOPOLITICAL UNCERTAINTY ON GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE
This research explores the influence of geopolitical uncertainty on the resilience of global supply chains. Through the analysis of geopolitical events such as international conflicts, economic sanctions, trade policy changes, and political fluctuations, the research identifies the significant impact they have on the flow of goods and raw materials, which includes delivery delays, increased operational costs, and product scarcity in the market. The research also underscores the importance of global companies managing risks due to geopolitical uncertainties to keep their supply chains running smoothly. With risk management strategies that include supplier diversification, building inventory reserves, strengthening relationships with suppliers, utilising the latest technology, and developing comprehensive contingency plans, companies can increase resilience to geopolitical disruptions. The findings of this study confirm that a proactive and sustainable approach to risk management is essential to strengthen a company's competitiveness and operational resilience in the long term.
THE EXISTENCE OF GIRIK AS EVIDENCE OF OWNERSHIP BASED ON POSITIVE LAW IN INDONESIA
Every individual has the right to have private property rights where these property rights cannot be taken arbitrarily by anyone. Looking at a historical overview before the UUPA was born, with regard to agrarian regulations in Indonesia there is still a dualism of regulations that apply. As we know, the term girik is often heard in the land sector. Girik is a letter for a land including related to land tenure from generation to generation or custom. Girik land is generally inherited or from his family. Thus it can be said that in general, girik land does not have an official certificate. Of course, the unofficial nature of the certificate will create the potential for problems to occur in the future. This research uses the type of research used is normative juridical. This research is a legal research conducted by examining literature which is referred to as secondary data. The formulation of the problem included in this research is related to how is the existence of girik certificates as proof of ownership of land based on agrarian law in Indonesia? and how to change the status of girik land into a certificate of ownership in Indonesia? So the results of the study stated that the UUPA does not recognize girik as proof of ownership of a land. This was confirmed in the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. No. 34/K/Sip/1960, dated February 19, 1960, it was also emphasized that a petuk/girik letter was not proof of land rights. Just as a starting point.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC CIVILISATION: FROM THE GOLDEN AGE TO THE PRESENT
Islamic civilisation has come a long way, from its golden age in the 8th to 14th centuries, when it was the world's centre of knowledge and innovation, to its current state of challenge but also potential. During the golden age, Islamic civilisation made significant contributions in the fields of science, mathematics, medicine and the arts. However, after this period, the Islamic world experienced setbacks due to internal and external factors such as political conflicts and colonisation. Nonetheless, the Muslim intellectual tradition survived and continues to be revived by new generations of scholars. Today, the Islamic world faces modern challenges but is also engaged in technological advancement, the global economy and intercultural dialogue. It is important for Muslim countries to continue reforms, innovations in education, and strengthen international collaboration in order to contribute significantly to the global community in the future.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CONVENTIONAL BANKING SYSTEM
The development of financial technology (Fintech) has brought about important changes in the traditional banking system. Fintech is introducing innovative solutions that make financial services more efficient, faster and accessible to the masses. Technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics enable financial services that are more personalised and responsive to user needs. However, these advancements also challenge conventional banks to adapt quickly, develop digital services, and invest in technological innovation. Increased competition and the need to update regulations and data security are the main challenges that traditional banks must face in this digital era.
IMPACT OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND ASSET MANAGEMENT
Study This aim For study influence the revolution that the Internet of Things (IoT) brings in change operation business and strategy management assets. Through studies the literature is methodically, analyzed how IoT came to be vital instrument for acceleration efficiency operations and improvements management asset data - based. Study elaborate various IoT applications, from maintenance predictive until process automation and monitoring real-ti me assets. Findings show that IoT uses have impact substantial in identify and overcome problem operational, optimizing use source power, as well minimize time dead equipment. Besides that, admittedly exists various related challenges like data security and privacy, which becomes consideration critical in IoT implementation. Studies This provide outlook to ways in which IoT can integrated more Far to in practice business, while highlighting necessity strategy adequate security For protect information obtained. Research is recommended advanced focus on development solution security innovative and evaluating impact social and economic from widespread adoption of IoT wide to power work and society.
PREJUDICE TOWARDS SKIN COLOR IN FILM FRUITVALE STATION BY RYAN COOGLER
This research examines the prejudice based on skin color depicted in the film Fruitvale Station (2013) by Ryan Coogler. Utilizing qualitative methods and integrating the intrinsic elements of fiction approach with Nelson Todd and Michael Olson's prejudice theory. The study focuses on Oscar’s characterization as a young African-American man burdened by societal biases, culminating in his unjust death. By not excluding other elements in the intrinsic structure, it is impossible to do so because each element has a close relationship in forming a unified literary work. The research highlights the impact of racial prejudice on Oscar Grant, the main character, who faces systemic injustice and stereotypes despite his efforts to improve his life. The prejudice theory reveals how cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of prejudice contribute to stereotypes and structural inequality. The findings underscore the destructive consequences of racial prejudice on individuals and society. This research confirms that skin colour prejudice in America, as experienced by Oscar Grant, is still a real danger that significantly impacts people's lives. This theme is not only relevant in the context of Oscar Grant, but also highlights the need for deeper social awareness to eliminate prejudice and discrimination
FREEDOM REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S POEMS (A METAPHOR ANALYSIS)
This study focuses on the analysis of metaphor of six selected poems by Maya Angelou: A Freedom Fighter, Riot: 60's, The Calling of Names, Caged Bird, Harlem Hopscotch, and Equality. The research aims to explore how metaphors in these poems reflect the concept of freedom. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach combined with the method structuralism element of poem, the study analyzes metaphors based on Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory of metaphor. The findings reveal that the metaphors in these poems depict struggles, oppression, and aspirations for freedom, particularly within the African-American community. Symbols such as the caged bird in Caged Bird and social chaos in Riot: 60's highlight profound emotions and collective experiences. This research contributes to the understanding of metaphor in poetry and serves as a reference for future studies on the representation of freedom in literary works.