International Journal of Teaching and Learning
type: channel
description: International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL), E-ISSN 3025-8308 publishes articles on education and learning in general. Contains articles / research results written by experts, scientists, practitioners, and reviewers in the field of education and learning. Some of International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL): Education and learning theory and foundation, Education and learning philosophy, Education and learning technology, Education and learning media, Education evaluation, Education Management, Education and learning innovation, Education for all levels, Formal education, Informal education, Education non-formal, Rural education, Urban education, Education and learning curriculum, Educators and students, Education and learning policies, Learning methods and strategies, Learning assessment, socio-cultural, etc. International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL) is published Once a month in a year.
publisher: Adisam Publisher
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Teaching and Learning
issn: 3025-8308
items: STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM AT MAN 2 MODEL MEDAN
items: THE TRANSFORMATION FROM SOCIOPRENEURSHIP TO SUFIPRENEURSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SPIRITUALIZING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SPHERE IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAM
items: THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER AS A FACILITATOR IN THE LEARNING PROCESS: A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
items: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN DEVELOPING MULTISECTORAL EDUCATION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
items: INTER-SECTOR COLLABORATION IN EDUCATION: ANALYSING OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS THROUGH A LITERATURE REVIEW
items: INTEGRATED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL
items: TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE SCHOOL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND PROCESSES
items: IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN ACHIEVING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
items: APPLICATION OF PIAGET'S THEORY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
items: CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE QUR'AN; PATIENCE, HONESTY AND RESPONSIBILITY
items: THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
items: THE STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE IN USE GOOGLE FORM IN ENGLISH TEST AT SD KARTIKA 1-4 PEMATANGSIANTAR
items: CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM: LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
items: COMMON GRAMMATICAL MISTAKE FOR ENGLISH’S STUDENTS OFTADRIS ENGLISH LANGUAGE
items: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIO VISUAL EFL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING TENSES, SYNONYMS AND ANTONYM IN 2NDARY SCHOOL
items: APPLICATION OF STEAM LEARNING METHODS TO INCREASE STUDENT CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
items: HARNESSING CLASSICAL MUSIC TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
items: THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS DEVOTION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
items: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HAND HYGIENE EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE RATE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
items: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GAME-BASED LEARNING METHOD THROUGH ONLINE EDUCATIONAL GAMES USING KAHOOT TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY OF GRADE I STUDENTS AT GLR CHRISTIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SURABAYA
items: THE ROLE OF TIKTOK IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: ISLAMIC EDUCATION WITHIN THE RELIGIOUS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION NAHDLATUL ULAMA
items: THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: THE ROLE OF INSTAGRAM IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF USING VOICE CONNECTING BOX ON CHILDREN'S CONCENTRATION AND FOCUS IN LEARNING THE TRUTHS OF SOUND LANGUAGE IN AL-QURAN EDUCATION
items: INNOVATING WITHIN CONSTRAINTS: BASIC SCHOOL TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES WITH PEDAGOGICAL REFORM IN GHANA
items: DEVELOPING A PBL-INTEGRATED PHET MODULE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING INTEREST
items: ASSESSING THE TEACHING INTERNSHIP PERFORMANCE OF CLASS 2024 ENGLISHPRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
items: THE IMPACT OF TEACHING METHODS AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON DRIBBLING SKILLS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
items: DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD: THE INDICES OF SUCCESS AND BOTTLENECKS IN BONNY ISLAND

STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM AT MAN 2 MODEL MEDAN
type: item
description: This study explores the complex attitudinal profile of Grade X students at MAN 2 Model Medan toward English classroom interaction and examines how these attitudes reflect in their classroom participation. Operating within a descriptive qualitative design, the study utilized an open-ended questionnaire distributed to ten participants to capture their cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The findings reveal a dualistic psychological pattern where students demonstrate high cognitive appreciation for the utility of verbal interaction, yet this is often obstructed by significant affective barriers, specifically communication apprehension and fear of negative peer evaluation. These internal states directly dictate participation patterns on the classroom continuum, with resilient students manifesting active engagement and anxious students defaulting to defensive silence. The results imply that traditional pedagogical encouragement is insufficient to induce verbal participation when underlying affective barriers remain unaddressed. Therefore, it is suggested that English teachers minimize stressful teacher-fronted elicitation and prioritize the creation of low-anxiety, collaborative learning environments. These findings provide critical insights for EFL educators in Islamic secondary schools seeking to bridge the gap between learner cognition and active communicative performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Student Attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroom Interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL
  topic: keywords
subject: Tripartite Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Hendratno Simanjuntak
creator: Najwa Kamila Harpan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 119
ending page: 127
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20536122

THE TRANSFORMATION FROM SOCIOPRENEURSHIP TO SUFIPRENEURSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SPIRITUALIZING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SPHERE IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAM
type: item
description: This study aims to formulate and develop a new conceptual framework called sufipreneurship, as a response to the spiritual void within contemporary Islamic entrepreneurship models. By integrating a conceptual-philosophical approach and Sufi hermeneutics, sufipreneurship offers an entrepreneurial paradigm that incorporates core Sufi values—ikhlas (sincerity), zuhud (asceticism), tawakkul (trust in God), khidmah (service), and muraqabah (divine awareness)—into business practices that are spiritual, social, and ethical in nature. This concept not only expands the epistemology of Islamic entrepreneurship but also provides a normative critique of the secular capitalist model, which desacralizes the meaning of work and reduces it to mere profit maximization. The study employs a literature-based research method combined with data triangulation from classical and contemporary sources, along with field observations from Sufi communities (ṭarīqa). The findings suggest that sufipreneurship presents a relevant and practical alternative for addressing the ethical and spiritual crises within the Muslim business world. The implications of this research include the development of a Sufi-based entrepreneurship curriculum, policy recommendations for spiritually grounded Islamic economic empowerment programs, and strategic collaborations between religious institutions (ṭarīqa) and Islamic economic sectors. Hence, sufipreneurship offers a business framework that is maṣlaḥah-oriented, sustainable, and deeply rooted in Islamic spirituality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sufipreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Sociopreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Spiritual Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Contemporary Islam
  topic: keywords
creator: Budi Rahman Hakim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 2695
ending page: 2707

THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER AS A FACILITATOR IN THE LEARNING PROCESS: A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
type: item
description: This research examines the role of the teacher as a facilitator in the learning process from the perspective of educational psychology. This role reflects a shift from traditional teaching methods towards a more interactive and student-centred approach, in line with constructivism theory which emphasises the importance of active learning and students' personal experiences. In addition, the social and collaborative aspects of learning are recognised through the creation of a learning environment that supports interaction and cooperation between students, in line with social constructivism theory. Finally, the teacher as facilitator also plays an important role in providing emotional support and constructive feedback, which contributes to students' emotional well-being and the improvement of the learning process. Thus, teachers‘ adoption of the facilitator role can enhance learning effectiveness and develop students’ skills and attitudes that are essential for their future success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teacher's Role
  topic: keywords
subject: Facilitator
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Psychology
  topic: keywords
creator: Didik Cahyono
creator: Rusiadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 205
ending page: 212

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN DEVELOPING MULTISECTORAL EDUCATION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the collaborative role between the government and the private sector in developing multisectoral education. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this article identifies how both parties can complement each other in providing education that is more responsive, inclusive and relevant to global dynamics. The government acts as a policy setter and basic infrastructure provider, while the private sector introduces innovation and flexibility and ensures linkages between the education curriculum and labour market needs. The results show that effective communication and a clear partnership framework are essential to align the objectives of both parties. In addition, the development of continuous evaluation and feedback mechanisms is necessary to monitor and improve the quality of co-operation. With the implementation of these strategies, collaboration between the government and the private sector has great potential to create an adaptive, comprehensive and sustainable education system, capable of facing future challenges and opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Role of Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing Multisectoral Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Loso Judijanto
creator: Rinovian Rais
creator: Tanwir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 196
ending page: 204

INTER-SECTOR COLLABORATION IN EDUCATION: ANALYSING OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS THROUGH A LITERATURE REVIEW
type: item
description: This research explores the opportunities and barriers to intersectoral collaboration in education through a literature review. Collaboration between the education, business and government sectors was identified as providing a number of benefits, including increased resources, innovation in teaching methods and relevance of education programmes to labour market needs. However, there are various barriers that need to be overcome in order to achieve optimal results. These include differences in objectives between sectors, bureaucratic constraints, funding issues, ineffective communication and differences in organisational culture. This study emphasises the importance of commitment, open communication and flexible framework design to overcome these challenges and maximise the potential of intersectoral collaboration in education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Sectors in Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Opportunities, Barriers
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Haq AS
creator: Loso Judijanto
creator: Darma Jasuli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 188
ending page: 195

INTEGRATED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL
type: item
description: This research examines the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Secondary Schools as an effort to improve the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to understand how TQM strategies are applied in the educational context and identify their impact on various aspects of school operations. The research method used was literature review. The results show that the implementation of TQM in secondary schools creates a consistent and systematic mechanism in planning, implementing and evaluating the education process. It also increases the participation and involvement of all stakeholders and strengthens collaboration between teachers, students, parents and other school staff. In addition, TQM promotes a culture of continuous improvement and operational efficiency, which overall contributes to improved education quality and student learning satisfaction. The conclusion of this study confirms that TQM is an effective approach in improving the quality of education in secondary schools. With TQM in place, schools can achieve higher quality standards, create a more conducive learning environment and meet students' needs more effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Integrated Quality in Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary School
  topic: keywords
creator: Al-Amin
creator: Farida Asy'ari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 152
ending page: 159

TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE SCHOOL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND PROCESSES
type: item
description: Transparent and accountable school financial management is an important aspect in ensuring the sustainability and credibility of educational institutions. Transparency enables effective oversight and reduces the risk of misappropriation of funds, while accountability ensures that any funds utilised can be accounted for to all stakeholders. However, significant challenges are often faced, including limited skilled human resources, differences in standards and regulations between different levels of government, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. Overcoming these challenges requires improving the capacity of human resources through regular training and appropriate application of information technology, as well as strong collaboration between schools, government and communities. Thus, more open and accountable financial management can be achieved, supporting sustainable educational progress.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
subject: School Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparent and Accountable
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwi Koerniawati
creator: Al-Amin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 144
ending page: 151

IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN ACHIEVING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
type: item
description: This research explores the importance of effective classroom management implementation in achieving learning objectives. Good classroom management is a fundamental factor in creating a conducive learning environment, reducing behavioural disruptions and increasing student engagement. This study highlights various strategies that teachers can use to manage the classroom more effectively, including the physical organisation of the classroom, the application of positive discipline, as well as differentiation of learning to accommodate the various needs of students. The results show that effective classroom management not only contributes to improving students' academic achievement, but also in the development of important life skills such as responsibility and self-discipline. Thus, the implementation of well-planned and thoughtful classroom management is key in supporting a more efficient learning process and the achievement of optimal educational goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective Classroom Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Objectives
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Habibie
creator: Farida Asy'ari
creator: Caroline Caroline
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 135
ending page: 143

APPLICATION OF PIAGET'S THEORY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
type: item
description: The application of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory in early childhood education curriculum development plays an important role in creating learning programmes that are appropriate to children's developmental stages. Piaget's theory, which identifies sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages, offers guidance for educators to design appropriate educational activities that support children in each stage of development. Learning through direct experience and play activities, in accordance with Piaget's principles, allows children to learn through interaction with their environment, reinforcing understanding and skills naturally. This approach not only makes the learning process more interesting and relevant for children, but also ensures that the concepts taught are appropriate for their cognitive abilities. The implementation of Piaget's theory in the curriculum also emphasises the early development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are important for intellectual development and readiness to face future challenges. Thus, Piaget's theory contributes significantly to shaping a curriculum that is adaptive, child-centred and effective in supporting children's holistic development early in their educational journey.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Application
  topic: keywords
subject: Piaget's Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Aslan Aslan
creator: Hudson Sidabutar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 126
ending page: 134

CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE QUR'AN; PATIENCE, HONESTY AND RESPONSIBILITY
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze character education in the Qur'an; patience, honesty and responsibility. This study uses a method with a qualitative approach. Observing the condition of the Indonesian nation which is on the verge of moral decay and quite threatening the continuity of national and state life, has encouraged the government to take the initiative to prioritize character development. National character development through character education is used as the main stream of national development. The results of this study can be concluded that character education based on the values of the Qur'an such as patience, honesty, and responsibility is very important to form individuals with noble morals. By applying these values in everyday life, it is hoped that the younger generation can grow into good individuals, useful for themselves, their families, and society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: character
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Qur'an
  topic: keywords
creator: Nana Mulyana
creator: Aceng Nurul Huda, Achmad Saefurridjal, Iskandar Mirza
creator: Ajat Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 109
ending page: 118

THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
type: item
description: This article examines the crucial role of teachers in improving the quality of education for students with disabilities. The main focus is on the methods applied by teachers to create learning environments that are inclusive and responsive to students' individual needs. The study identifies that teachers' expertise in designing adaptive learning strategies, as well as the use of assistive technology, are key factors in facilitating effective learning. In addition, the study highlights the importance of collaboration between teachers, families and other professionals to build a comprehensive and sustainable education plan. Thus, the proactive role of teachers contributes not only to the academic development but also to the social and emotional progress of students with disabilities, enabling them to reach their full potential in a supportive and inclusive environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teacher's role
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of education
  topic: keywords
subject: students with disabilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Syafwatul Putria Hidayatullah
creator: Mujahiddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 180
ending page: 187

THE STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE IN USE GOOGLE FORM IN ENGLISH TEST AT SD KARTIKA 1-4 PEMATANGSIANTAR
type: item
description: This study looks into students' thoughts on the use of Google Forms as a learning assessment tool in English language assessments. The research employed a quantitative methodology using questionnaires to gather data from fifth-grade students at SD KARTIKA 1-4 Pematangsiantar. The study focused on three key aspects of Google Forms: attractiveness, accessibility, and effectiveness. Due to the data, students generally found Google Forms attractive, with most of them like the platform's display. . However, accessibility posed challenges, with students reporting difficulties operating Google Forms, experiencing interruptions due to slow internet connections, and expressing concerns about the potential for cheating. Regarding effectiveness, students found Google Forms facilitated understanding of English test questions and preferred it over traditional paper-based tests. They also felt more confident answering questions using Google Forms. However, the immediate feedback provided by Google Forms caused anxiety for some students. . The study concludes that while Google Forms offers advantages in terms of convenience and accessibility, Challenges connected to internet access, technological concerns, and the possibility for cheating must be overcome to ensure its successful and equitable use in educational contexts. The findings highlight the importance of considering students' perspectives when integrating digital assessment tools into the learning process and underscore the need for ongoing efforts to improve the accessibility and reliability of such technologies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Google Form
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Assassment
  topic: keywords
subject: English Test
  topic: keywords
subject: Students Perspective
  topic: keywords
creator: Dumaris Elseria Silalahi
creator: Tio Lestari Simanjuntak
creator: Lusia Pebriyani Silaban
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 167
ending page: 179

CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM: LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
type: item
description: Character education is an important aspect of the national curriculum that aims to shape young people who not only excel academically, but also have strong moral and ethical values. This study analyses various literatures as well as the implementation of character education in schools, identifying the challenges and opportunities that exist. The results of the analysis show that although character education has the support of government policy, its implementation still faces various obstacles such as a lack of understanding and competence of teachers, limited facilities and infrastructure, and a less conducive educational environment. However, opportunities to optimise character education remain large through the use of educational technology, supportive policies, and cooperation with various stakeholders. In conclusion, with commitment and good cooperation, character education can be implemented effectively so as to contribute to the formation of a generation with strong and positive character.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Character Education
  topic: keywords
subject: National Curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Literature Analysis and Implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Amaludin Bahansubu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 160
ending page: 166

COMMON GRAMMATICAL MISTAKE FOR ENGLISH’S STUDENTS OFTADRIS ENGLISH LANGUAGE
type: item
description: This paper is aimed to investigate the common grammatical mistake and describe the findings descriptively as possible. This research used descriptive qualitative as a research design. The instruments used were observation and interview. The interview is used unstructured interview to get free question and answer about the topic. Interview and observation did in two classes of third and five semesters by joining the activities in the classroom. Most of the students in the classroom are eight students in third semesters and eight students in five semesters. The total number of the students are 18 students. Ten students are female and six students are male. The data was gained from the lecture of writing. In analyzing the data, the researcher used snowballing technique. It means the first data became alternative finding until the researcher found the final findings. The final finding is drawn descriptively. The finding of this research is only three students good grammar from 18 students. It was concluded that the English students in third and five semesnter of Tadris English language still get common mistake in grammar.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: grammatical
  topic: keywords
subject: mistakes
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia learners
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Azizah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 119
ending page: 125

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIO VISUAL EFL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING TENSES, SYNONYMS AND ANTONYM IN 2NDARY SCHOOL
type: item
description: Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the secondary school level faces various challenges, including low student motivation and difficulties in understanding abstract concepts such as tenses, synonyms, and antonyms. This study aims to develop interactive audio-visual learning media to improve students' comprehension and motivation in learning. The research employs the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to systematically design media that integrates elements such as animations, simulations, and interactive quizzes. The results of this study demonstrate that interactive audio-visual media significantly enhance student engagement. This method is particularly eflective for teaching tenses, synonyms, and antonyms.. Based on a thorough literature review, the use of such media significantly enhances learning outcomes and increases student involvement in the learning process. The incorporation of multimedia learning theories, such as Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Constructivist Theory, ensures that the media developed addresses the complex and abstract nature of EFL topics, fostering deeper and more practical understanding for secondary school students. This research reaffirms the relevance and eflectiveness of audio- visual media in supporting EFL learning success, providing innovative methods to overcome challenges in teaching abstract concepts to students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Audio-Visual Media
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Tenses and Synonyms-Antonyms
  topic: keywords
subject: Interactive Multimedia
  topic: keywords
subject: ADDIE Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Najwa Rizki Amalia
creator: Syarifah Soraya, Ciraenda Caenovea, Muhammad Alief Raihan Ramadhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 88
ending page: 96

APPLICATION OF STEAM LEARNING METHODS TO INCREASE STUDENT CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the application of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) learning method and its impact on increasing student creativity and innovation. The literature review method was used to collect and analyze various previous studies that examined the effectiveness of the STEAM approach in education. The findings show that the STEAM method makes a significant contribution to the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills. In addition, the integration of arts in STEM learning encourages students to think more creatively, generate innovative ideas, and face challenges more flexibly. This conclusion confirms that the application of the STEAM method not only enriches students' learning experiences but also prepares them to become innovative and adaptive individuals in the future. The implications of this research suggest that educational systems should adopt STEAM methods more widely to maximize students' creative and innovative potential.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: STEAM Learning Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Creativity
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Opan Arifudin
creator: Sepriadi Bumbungan
creator: Ika Kartika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 97
ending page: 108

HARNESSING CLASSICAL MUSIC TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
type: item
description: Advanced reading comprehension is a critical competency required for university students to achieve academic success; however, many undergraduates experience cognitive overload and anxiety when interacting with dense academic texts. This study empirically investigates the efficacy of utilizing a classical music background as an environmental intervention to improve reading comprehension among higher education students. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design, this study involved 70 undergraduate students who were equally distributed into an experimental group (n = 35), exposed to low-intensity non-lyrical classical music (60–80 bpm) during reading tasks, and a control group (n = 35), situated in a traditional silent classroom. Data were gathered through standardized academic reading tests and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS. The descriptive results revealed that while both cohorts shared a homogenous baseline in the pre-test, the experimental group achieved a substantial post-test mean score increase (M = 82.10, Gain = +16.70) compared to the modest progress of the control group (M = 71.30, Gain = +6.50). Furthermore, the Independent Samples t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference in post-test performance between the two groups, t(68) = 4.21, p < .001. Grounded in the Arousal-Conjecture and Cognitive Load theories, these findings demonstrate that a structured acoustic environment successfully mitigates mental fatigue and optimizes working memory capacity. This study concludes that harnessing classical music is a viable, evidence-based pedagogical strategy to foster advanced literacy in modern tertiary education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acoustic Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Classical Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Load
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
creator: Afif Zuhdy Idham
creator: Fibri Indira Lisanty AD
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20501356

THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS DEVOTION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
type: item
description: Students often forget their duties as servants, which has the potential to negatively impact their behavior patterns and trigger a lifestyle that disrupts mental health, whereas mental health arises from a personality capable of balancing the dimensions of life. This study aims to measure the extent of the influence of religious observance on the mental health of UAD students.The population of this study is PAI students at UAD. The data collection technique used was random sampling. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. This study shows a significant influence of religious observance on mental health, with regression results indicating a significance value of 0.00.Furthermore, the percentage of the influence of religious observance on mental health, obtained as an R Square value of 0.531, can be interpreted as religious observance contributing 53.1%. It also shows a correlation value of 0.728, indicating a strong relationship between religious adherence and mental health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: obedience in worship
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
creator: Rika Andriana
creator: Nia Syam Nuri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 46
ending page: 61

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HAND HYGIENE EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE RATE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of hand hygiene education in senior secondary schools (SMA) and its impact on reducing the incidence of infectious diseases among students. Through a literature review method, this research collects and analyzes data from various sources that describes hand hygiene education programs and their effectiveness in the context of high schools. The results of the analysis show that a hand hygiene education program implemented systematically and continuously is able to increase awareness and hand hygiene behavior among students. This program has also been proven to significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, such as influenza, diarrhea and respiratory tract infections. This research highlights the importance of support from schools, educators, and families in maximizing the effectiveness of hand hygiene education programs. Apart from that, this research also emphasizes the need for adequate tools and facilities, such as soap and clean water, as well as providing consistent and precise information regarding the importance of hand hygiene. The conclusion of this research shows that implementing good hand hygiene education can be an effective strategy in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases in high schools. This research recommends that schools implement a comprehensive and sustainable approach to instilling good hand hygiene behavior among students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hand Hygiene Education
  topic: keywords
subject: High School
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Tjhia Khie Khiong
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 34
ending page: 45

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GAME-BASED LEARNING METHOD THROUGH ONLINE EDUCATIONAL GAMES USING KAHOOT TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY OF GRADE I STUDENTS AT GLR CHRISTIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SURABAYA
type: item
description: This study explored the effectiveness of Game-Based Learning (GBL) using Kahoot to enhance English vocabulary mastery among Grade I-B students at GLR Christian Elementary School. Conducted through Classroom Action Research (CAR) over three cycles, the method showed consistent improvement in student performance. Average scores rose from 88.59% (pre-test) to 98.85% (Cycle I), dipped slightly to 97.95% (Cycle II), and increased to 99.10% (Cycle III). Standard deviation dropped significantly, indicating more consistent achievement. The GBL approach also improved student engagement, independence, confidence, and vocabulary retention. All students achieved the learning standard. These results support previous research on the benefits of GBL in enhancing motivation and language skills. Kahoot is recommended as an effective and engaging tool for vocabulary instruction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Game-Based Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kahoot
  topic: keywords
subject: English vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: Grade 1 students
  topic: keywords
subject: learning motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Febe Eka Widarma
creator: Adrie Frans Assa
creator: Dwi Murwani W. Pramono
creator: Sarah Prasasti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

THE ROLE OF TIKTOK IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: The use of social media today has changed the nature of English language learning. One such social media platform is TikTok. This study aims to investigate the role of TikTok in enhancing English language skills using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. 22 studies published from 2020 to 2025 derived from ScienceDirect (1), ResearchGate (7), and Mendeley (14) are inspected to find out how TikTok influences undergraduate students’ speaking, listening, vocabulary acquisition, and pronunciation. The results indicate that TikTok is an effective tool that enhances English language learning and the students’ language skills through its interactive features like duet challenges and short videos. Additionally, TikTok increases student engagement by blending entertainment with education. However, challenges such as distractions, informal language exposure, and the need for guidance highlight the necessity of supervision by teachers. In conclusion, TikTok serves as an engaging and effective tool for enhancing English language skills particularly in speaking, listening, and vocabulary acquisition among undergraduate students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital education
  topic: keywords
subject: English language learning
  topic: keywords
subject: TikTok
  topic: keywords
subject: speaking skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Jameelah
creator: Muhoiriah
creator: Naf’an Tarihoran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 249
ending page: 263

ISLAMIC EDUCATION WITHIN THE RELIGIOUS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION NAHDLATUL ULAMA
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the concept of Islamic education as envisioned by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), its contribution to the national education system, and the challenges and prospects it faces in the modern era. The research adopts a qualitative-descriptive method based on library research, using content analysis of relevant literature. The findings reveal that NU plays a vital role in advancing Islamic education through its network of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), madrasahs, and universities that integrate the values of Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah, such as moderation, tolerance, and balance. Despite facing challenges related to digital transformation and infrastructure disparities, NU holds significant potential in strengthening an inclusive and contextualized model of Islamic education in Indonesia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic education
  topic: keywords
subject: Nahdlatul Ulama
  topic: keywords
subject: madrasah
  topic: keywords
subject: pesantren
  topic: keywords
subject: religious social organization
  topic: keywords
subject: religious moderation
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhdir
creator: Moh. Roqib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 241
ending page: 248

THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the role of ChatGPT in improving English language skills through systematic literature review. The method used is a systematic analysis of 43 journals related to ChatGPT and English education obtained from Mendeley, with a focus on the benefits, challenges, and pedagogical implications of using AI in language learning. Research results show that ChatGPT provides benefits in the development of writing and speaking skills through interactive feedback, AI-based exercises, and conversation simulations that allow students to practice in real contexts. In addition, ChatGPT supports independent learning, increases student involvement, enriches vocabulary, and helps in formative assessment by providing corrections and improvement suggestions. However, this study also found significant challenges, including excessive reliance on technology, lack of understanding of cultural context, potential bias in AI response, as well as the risk of plagiarism and academic integrity violations. In addition, the quality of the answers produced is not always accurate, so teacher guidance is needed to ensure that students continue to think critically and not just passively receive information. In conclusion, although Chat GPT has transformational potential in English learning, its effectiveness is highly dependent on ethical implementation, appropriate pedagogical strategies, and clear regulations. Therefore, training is needed for educators to optimize its use in learning, as well as a blended learning-based approach that combines AI technology with direct interaction between teachers and students to create a balanced, effective, and appropriate learning environment for the needs of learners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ChatGPT
  topic: keywords
subject: English Education
  topic: keywords
subject: English Skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Kholida Ziya Ar-Rahmah
creator: Alfina Husna Azkia
creator: Nafan Tarihoran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 220
ending page: 240

THE ROLE OF INSTAGRAM IN ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: The increasing use of social media in education has brought new opportunities for language learning. This study systematically reviews the role of Instagram in enhancing English language skills. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed, selecting relevant studies from reputable academic databases published between 2020 and 2024, including Mendeley, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis, with an initial identification of 921 articles. After screening for relevance and duplication, 57 studies were shortlisted, and 19 empirical studies were selected for in-depth analysis, focusing on Instagram's impact on vocabulary acquisition, writing, speaking, and student engagement. The findings indicate that Instagram positively impacts various aspects of English learning, including vocabulary acquisition, writing, speaking, and engagement. The study highlights the effectiveness of Instagram's features, such as captions, reels, and interactive tools, in fostering language development. Additionally, the research reveals that Instagram enhances motivation and self-directed learning. However, limitations such as internet accessibility and digital literacy remain challenges. The study suggests that incorporating Instagram into English language teaching (ELT) can provide an engaging and practical learning experience. Future research should explore its long-term effects and best implementation strategies in formal education settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Instagram
  topic: keywords
subject: English Language Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Education Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Rija Arribath Dwi Daep
creator: Nabilla Nurkhalida
creator: Nafan Tarihoran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 203
ending page: 209

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF USING VOICE CONNECTING BOX ON CHILDREN'S CONCENTRATION AND FOCUS IN LEARNING THE TRUTHS OF SOUND LANGUAGE IN AL-QURAN EDUCATION
type: item
description: This study examined the effectiveness of Voice Connecting Box (VCBox), an audio management technology, in enhancing concentration and pronunciation accuracy during Quranic learning among elementary school children. Using a mixed-methods approach with a randomized controlled design, 60 students (ages 7-12) were divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups, with the experimental group using VCBox during 12 weeks of Quranic learning sessions. Data were collected through Hijaiyah Pronunciation Accuracy Tests (HPAT), systematic classroom observations, questionnaires on learning environment perceptions, and qualitative interviews. Results demonstrated that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in pronunciation accuracy scores (16.74 points vs. 5.66 points, p<0.001) and focus duration (from 12.3 to 21.8 minutes vs. 12.5 to 15.1 minutes for control group). Strong correlations were identified between sound detail awareness and pronunciation accuracy (r=0.82), and between focus duration and learning outcomes (r=0.78). Qualitative analysis revealed four dominant themes: enhanced auditory awareness, reduced cognitive load, personalized learning experience, and implementation challenges. These findings indicate that controlling auditory input through VCBox significantly improves children's concentration and pronunciation accuracy in Quranic learning by optimizing the auditory environment and reducing cognitive load. This research contributes to the integration of cognitive neuroscience principles into Islamic education practices and supports technology-enhanced approaches for improving Quranic learning outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Voice Connecting Box (VCBox)
  topic: keywords
subject: Quranic learning
  topic: keywords
subject: pronunciation accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive load
  topic: keywords
subject: auditory processing
  topic: keywords
creator: Anne Gracia
creator: Rivo Panji Yudha
creator: Shufairah Tajuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 187
ending page: 202

INNOVATING WITHIN CONSTRAINTS: BASIC SCHOOL TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES WITH PEDAGOGICAL REFORM IN GHANA
type: item
description: Ghana’s adoption of a standards-based curriculum grounded in 21st-century pedagogy presents a paradox: while teachers are trained in innovative, learner-centered methods, the classrooms they inhabit remain largely rigid, overcrowded, and under-resourced. This study investigates how basic school teachers navigate these tensions, implementing pedagogical innovations in traditional classroom environments. Using a parallel convergent mixed-methods design, the study engaged 97 basic school teachers through electronic surveys and in-depth interviews. Anchored in Rogers' Diffusion Innovation Theory, the study reveals that while pedagogical innovation is taking root at the cognitive and attitudinal levels, its full realization is obstructed by contextual constraints. The findings underscore the need for systemic reform beyond curriculum change, including infrastructure development and targeted teacher support. The study calls on educational policymakers to align pedagogical reforms with investments in physical learning environments to ensure sustainable and equitable educational transformation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: innovative pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: standards-based curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: basic education
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogic reform
  topic: keywords
creator: Benjamin Takyi
creator: Samuel Korankye
creator: Victoria Akolbila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 172
ending page: 186

DEVELOPING A PBL-INTEGRATED PHET MODULE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING INTEREST
type: item
description: This research aims to implement PhET Simulations supported by teaching modules to develop the learning interest of junior high school students in ecosystem sub-materials. PhET Simulations is a site that provides free science practicum learning that can be used for classroom or individual learning. The background of this research is based on the low grade average score for science subjects still below the standard of completeness score, which is 68. while the KKM score (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) is 75%. To address this problem, teaching modules were developed specifically designed to help increase students' interest in learning through materials relevant to daily life. The teaching modules developed include various components, such as instructions for use, information maps, competency objectives, and material descriptions accompanied by learning activities, practice questions, and final tests. This study uses the PhET Simulations teaching material method with the help of a teaching module with a PBL development model. The validity of the teaching module is measured through validity tests, teacher readability tests, and student readability tests. Based on the results of the teaching module validation test which stated that the criteria were valid with an average score of 84.82, the LKPD validation was declared valid with an average score of 84.68. Meanwhile, the results of the students' questionnaire responses showed an average score of 49.56 very agreeable answers. The results of the research are expected to show the process and results of the implementation of PhET Simulations that are valid and effective in developing students' learning interests in ecosystem sub-materials. This research produces outputs in the form of articles published in international journals, copyright registration documents, and teaching module products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PhET Simulations
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching modules
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning interest
  topic: keywords
creator: Diva Zakia ‘Aqila Zahra
creator: Risma Aulia
creator: Hasan Subekti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 163
ending page: 171

ASSESSING THE TEACHING INTERNSHIP PERFORMANCE OF CLASS 2024 ENGLISHPRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
type: item
description: The present study aimed to assess the teaching internship performance of English Pre-Service Teachers from the Class of 2024, with regard to their professionalism, classroom management, content understanding, and reflective practices. In a quantitative-descriptive research design, data was collected through a researcher-developed 4-point Likert scale answered by supervising teachers. Findings revealed that the strength of the English Pre-Service Teachers lies in professionalism, with high regard for ethics; able to communicate and deliver the lesson well, creating good adaptation. They performed quite well in managing their classes, along with creating a worthwhile learning atmosphere. The study identified variances in development regarding enhancing diversity in instructional strategies, adjusting the pace of lessons to accommodate students' learning ability, and infusing students' cultural knowledge into the curriculum. These findings highlight increasing needs for better flexibility of instruction to meet the complex demands of diverse learners' needs. The study confirms that the strengths the English Pre-Service Teachers possess regarding major teaching competencies are to be further developed in relation to differentiated instruction, integration of technology, and reflective thinking. Recommendations include continuous professional development and robust mentorship programs to support their growth, ensuring their readiness to meet the complexities of modern education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: pre-service teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching internship
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Christian Loid Valenzuela
creator: Guiller T. Marila
creator: Marko L. Aratea
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 142
ending page: 162

THE IMPACT OF TEACHING METHODS AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON DRIBBLING SKILLS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
type: item
description: The aim of this research is to determine: (1) The dribbling learning outcomes of students taught using an inclusive teaching style and those taught using the practice method (2) The influence of the interaction between teaching style and learning motivation on the skills of dribbling learning outcomes. (3) differences in ball dribbling results for students taught using an inclusive teaching style and those taught using the practice method for new students in terms of low achievement motivation. (4) differences in ball dribbling results for students taught using an inclusive teaching style and those taught using the Barru method in terms of high achievement motivation. This type of research is true experimental with factorial design. This research used two classes, namely a class taught using an inclusive teaching style and a class taught using the practice method. Research result. (1) There are differences in the learning outcomes of dribbling for students taught using an inclusive teaching style and those taught using the practice method for students at SMP Negeri 2 Barru. (2) There is an interaction effect between teaching style and learning motivation on the ball dribbling learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 2 Barru. (3) There are differences in the dribbling results of students who are taught using an inclusive teaching style and those who are taught using the practice method for students in terms of low achievement motivation. (4) There is a difference in the dribbling results of students who are taught using an inclusive teaching style and those who are taught using the practice method for students in terms of high learning motivation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inclusion Teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Dribbling
  topic: keywords
subject: Skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Taufik
creator: Amir
creator: Aschari Senjahari Rawe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 130
ending page: 141

DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD: THE INDICES OF SUCCESS AND BOTTLENECKS IN BONNY ISLAND
type: item
description: The mainstream system of learning often neglects students with learning needs. Hence, the study investigated the level of knowledge of Differentiated Instructional Methods (DIMs), teacher proficiency, successes, barriers to implementation, and the effect of DIMs on individual learning outcomes in Bonny Island. A structured questionnaire was administered and classroom observation was conducted for data collection. The sample population consisted of 50 teachers. Results showed that there was a high level of DIM awareness. However, the success of DIMs varied among schools. 15% of the teachers adopted DIMs. This significantly impacted the learning outcome. Inadequate training, insufficient learning resources, space, lesson preparation time, and lack of support staff were barriers to DIM implementation. A high-class population (30-44) disrupted learning. DIM implementation is imperative to cater to the needs of all children. Pre- and in-service training on DIMs and proper funding and monitoring of schools should be adopted to improve DIM application.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Differentiation
  topic: keywords
subject: varied needs
  topic: keywords
subject: learning outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: and independent learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Aluko
creator: Oluyemisi Christiana and Ayantunji
creator: Mojirade
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 115
ending page: 129