International Journal of Teaching and Learning
International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL), E-ISSN 3025-8308 publishes articles on education and learning in general. Contains articles / research results written by experts, scientists, practitioners, and reviewers in the field of education and learning. Some of International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL): Education and learning theory and foundation, Education and learning philosophy, Education and learning technology, Education and learning media, Education evaluation, Education Management, Education and learning innovation, Education for all levels, Formal education, Informal education, Education non-formal, Rural education, Urban education, Education and learning curriculum, Educators and students, Education and learning policies, Learning methods and strategies, Learning assessment, socio-cultural, etc. International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL) is published Once a month in a year.
EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
This study aims to analyze the evidence-based approach to educational technology adoption by examining research findings regarding success factors, benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies within educational settings. A literature review approach was employed to identify, examine, and synthesize relevant research on the utilization of educational technology. The findings indicate that successful adoption is influenced by the quality of empirical evidence, the readiness of educators and learners, digital competence, institutional support, the alignment of technology with pedagogical goals, ease of use, infrastructure availability, and policy support. An evidence-based approach enables educational institutions to select and implement technologies based on proven effectiveness rather than merely on technological trends. Furthermore, continuous evaluation is essential to ensure that technology usage yields tangible impacts on learner engagement, experience, and learning outcomes. Thus, the application of evidence-based approaches can serve as a strategic foundation for institutions to build a technology-enabled learning ecosystem that is effective, adaptive, sustainable, and oriented toward learning needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Teaching and Learning
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS ON THE ACCURACY OF STUDENT GRADES
Digital assessment systems have become an integral part of modern educational transformation, yet their effectiveness in ensuring the accuracy of student marks remains a subject of academic debate. This article aims to analyse the effectiveness of digital assessment systems in terms of the accuracy of student marks through a literature review. The findings indicate that digital assessment systems are generally more effective than conventional methods in improving the accuracy of marks, with a reduction in administrative errors of up to 85 per cent and a level of agreement with human assessors ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. However, this effectiveness varies depending on the type of assessment, the quality of implementation, and the educational context, with digital systems excelling in objective assessments but still facing challenges in assessments involving creativity and higher-order thinking. Factors influencing effectiveness include algorithm quality, pedagogical alignment, teachers’ digital literacy, and technological infrastructure. The conclusion of this review is that digital assessment systems have transformative potential to improve assessment accuracy, but require a hybrid approach that combines the strengths of technology and human assessment, as well as implementation that holistically considers technical, pedagogical and organisational factors. Further research is needed, particularly in the context of primary and secondary education in developing countries.
THE ROLE OF THE HEADTEACHER’S LEADERSHIP IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
This article discusses the role of headteachers’ leadership in the effectiveness of educational management. Headteachers hold a strategic position as both leaders and key drivers in the planning, organisation, implementation, supervision and evaluation of educational programmes in schools. Effective leadership leads to improved teacher performance, the creation of a conducive school culture, and the optimal utilisation of educational resources. Through a literature review approach, this article demonstrates that the success of educational management is greatly influenced by the quality of the headteacher’s leadership—which should be visionary, communicative, participatory, and adaptable to change. The findings confirm that headteachers are not merely implementers of policy, but also the determinants of the school’s internal policy direction to achieve better educational quality.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 4C LEARNING (CRITICAL THINKING, CREATIVITY, COLLABORATION, AND COMMUNICATION) IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS AT SDN 05 SINTANG
The 21st-century learning paradigm emphasizes the development of four essential competencies known as the 4C skills: Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication. These competencies are considered fundamental for preparing students to face increasingly complex educational and social challenges. This study aims to analyze the influence of implementing the 4C learning approach in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) for fifth-grade students at SDN 05 Sintang, with particular attention to changes in the learning process. This research employed a qualitative approach using classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation as data collection techniques. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the 4C approach positively transformed the learning process. Students became more active in discussions, demonstrated improved critical thinking when analyzing Islamic values, expressed creative ideas through group projects, collaborated effectively in solving problems, and communicated their opinions with greater confidence. The study concludes that integrating the 4C learning model into Islamic Religious Education contributes significantly to creating a more interactive, student-centered, and meaningful learning environment.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EDUCATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION: A CONCEPTUAL ENRICHMENT OF MATLAND’S TYPOLOGY
Indonesia’s zoning-based admission policy and its Kurikulum Merdeka reform both illustrate the same problem, a single national design produces uneven results once it reaches the district level, with school quality gaps, uneven teacher readiness, and variable local government backing each shaping how different areas carry the policy out. Matland’s ambiguity-conflict typology (1995) explains this kind of variation by reading implementation outcomes through two dimensions, the clarity of a policy’s objectives and the degree of conflict among the actors responsible for carrying it out. Applied to Indonesian basic education, a policy field crowded with actors and heavily dependent on local government backing that varies across districts, the two-dimensional model reaches its limit quickly, because the variation on the ground comes from a wider set of forces than two axes alone can capture. This article builds outward from that limit into a framework of six determinant dimensions, institutional capacity, inter-actor collaboration, policy entrepreneurship, political support, community participation, and local wisdom, drawn respectively from New Institutionalism, Collaborative Governance, Policy Entrepreneurship, and Local Wisdom Theory, which together account for how a policy’s ambiguity and conflict translate into outcomes on the ground. Indonesia’s Drug Abuse Prevention and Eradication Policy, P4GN, tests the framework across four research areas in Lampung Province, since it shares education’s multi-actor, locally contingent character and produces the same kind of uneven outcomes the six dimensions are built to explain. From there, the discussion turns to what that configuration means for district-level Kurikulum Merdeka implementation and zoning, tracing how the six dimensions play out under different institutional and political conditions. This expanded set of criteria allows the framework to move beyond the ambiguity-conflict dichotomy and provides researchers a device for accounting for why the same national policy can have such different impacts within different districts. implementation of education policies, Matland typology, multidimensional analysis framework, PPDB zoning, and the Merdeka Curriculum. This wider set of elements allows the paradigm to go beyond the ambiguity-conflict dichotomy and provides researchers an explanation of why one national policy can have such different effects in districts.
TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING TEACHER AND STUDENT READINES
Digital transformation has significantly reshaped various aspects of education, including the teaching and learning of Islamic Religious Education (IRE). Rapid technological advancements require the adaptation of instructional strategies, teaching methods, and learning media to ensure that IRE remains relevant to the needs of students in the digital era. This study aims to analyze the transformation of IRE learning in the digital age by examining the opportunities and challenges associated with enhancing the readiness of teachers and students. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a library research method through the analysis of relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that the digitalization of IRE offers opportunities to expand access to Islamic learning resources, enhance teachers' creativity, and increase student engagement through various digital learning platforms and media. Nevertheless, the transformation process also faces several challenges, including limited digital competence among teachers, disparities in technological infrastructure, low levels of digital literacy, and ethical issues related to technology use. Therefore, the successful implementation of digital IRE learning requires the readiness of human resources and the effective integration of technology while maintaining alignment with Islamic values and educational principles.
OPTIMIZING THE LECTURE METHOD TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' INTERACTION AND LEARNING INTEREST IN THE DIGITAL ERA
This study aims to examine how the lecture method can be optimized to enhance student interaction and learning interest in the digital era. This study is motivated by the current phenomenon in which the lecture method is often perceived as less effective due to its predominantly one-way communication, leading to student boredom and, consequently, a decline in learning interest. This research employed a qualitative approach using a library research design by reviewing scholarly articles and other relevant and credible sources. The findings indicate that the lecture method remains relevant in contemporary education when combined with digital technology and interactive instructional strategies to improve learning effectiveness. Several strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of the lecture method include promoting interactive learning, utilizing digital media, and integrating the lecture method with other instructional approaches, such as interactive discussions and project-based learning. Furthermore, teachers' readiness and pedagogical competence in implementing these strategies play a crucial role in determining their success. Therefore, optimizing the lecture method through technology-based and interactive approaches can significantly enhance student participation and learning interest in the digital era.
DEVELOPING A HYBRID GOVERNANCE MODEL THAT COMBINES TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY WITH MODERN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES IN INDONESIAN PESANTRENS
Indonesian Islamic boarding schools are facing a critical transformation as they strive to strike a balance between upholding traditional religious authority and adopting contemporary management practices in response to globalisation, regulatory reform and the modernisation of education. This study demonstrates that Islamic boarding schools operate within a unique hybrid governance model, which neither entirely abandons tradition nor fully adopts a bureaucratic structure, but rather creates a dynamic balance between kiai-centred authority and a professional management system. Theoretically, this phenomenon represents an institutional adaptation shaped by three interrelated factors: the resilience of moral and charismatic authority rooted in Islamic spiritual values; the strategic integration of formal governance mechanisms to ensure accountability and sustainability; and the selective adoption of modern educational practices whilst preserving religious identity. This research examines how Islamic boarding schools can strengthen their institutional credibility through transparent governance whilst preserving the cultural authenticity that defines their mission in shaping Muslim character and knowledge. Using a systematic literature review of over 30 academic sources examining pesantren governance, management practices and institutional transformation between 2020 and 2025, this study identifies patterns of how traditional authorities operate as a governance resource rather than as an obstacle to professionalisation. Key findings indicate that successful pesantren integrate Qur’anic and Islamic values (amanah, musyawarah, ihsan) into measurable performance systems, establish collaborative management structures involving various stakeholders whilst maintaining the leadership of the kiai, and balance financial sustainability through diversified funding with transparent reporting. Notably, pesantren implementing a hybrid governance model demonstrate improved educational quality, greater accountability without compromising religious authenticity, and greater institutional resilience to external pressures. This study concludes that hybrid governance in pesantren is not a transitional phase towards full modernisation, but rather a distinctive institutional form appropriate to the context of religion-based education. This research contributes to educational management theory by demonstrating how religious authority and professional management can be integrated rather than viewed as conflicting forces; it provides insights applicable to Islamic educational institutions globally; and it recommends that policymakers support a hybrid governance framework rather than imposing a uniform bureaucratic model on faith-based institutions.
THE EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTING A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The purpose of implementing the deep learning approach is to create a learning process that is mindful, meaningful, and joyful. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of the deep learning approach on the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students. This study involved a total of 60 students divided into two classes. This study used a test as its research instrument. The results of the Independent T-test showed a significant difference between the scores of the experimental class (M = 26.86, SD = 3.58) and the control class (M = 19.46, SD = 4.02); t (7.51), p = 0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the deep learning approach has a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. Based on the eta-squared results, deep learning also has a high-level effect on learning outcomes, with a value of 0.49. The implications of this study indicate that the implementation of deep learning contributes to the improvement of skills and creativity and makes learning more meaningful.
Analysis of the Implementation of Learning Evaluation in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education for Grade X Phase E Students at SMAN 1 Luhak Nan Duo
Learning evaluation is an essential component in the educational process to determine the achievement of learning objectives and the development of students’ competencies. In Islamic Religious Education (IRE), evaluation covers cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects as an integral part of character building and religious skills development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of learning evaluation in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education for Grade X Phase E students at SMAN 1 Luhak Nan Duo, including the evaluation techniques and instruments used, the obstacles encountered, and the teachers’ efforts to overcome them. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants consisted of Islamic Religious Education teachers and Grade X Phase E students. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the learning evaluation was systematically carried out through diagnostic, formative, and summative stages. The evaluation techniques included written tests, attitude observation, and worship practices. The obstacles included time limitations, large class sizes, and students’ psychological factors. Teachers addressed these by applying varied evaluation methods, remedial teaching, and strengthening communication with parents.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL APPLICATIONS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
This study examines the impact of digital applications on English language teaching (ELT), synthesizing recent empirical research to evaluate their effectiveness, benefits, and challenges in enhancing language skills. Employing a qualitative review of peer-reviewed studies from 2023 to 2025, the findings reveal significant improvements in vocabulary (88%), grammar (80%), speaking (60%), and listening (50%) facilitated by adaptive, interactive, and multimedia-rich platforms. Immersive technologies like virtual and augmented reality and AI-powered personalized feedback further boost learner engagement and autonomy. Nonetheless, barriers such as unequal access to technology, varying digital literacy levels, and inadequate teacher preparation affect optimal use. The discussion highlights the importance of integrating technological innovation with sound pedagogical principles, emphasizing the need for institutional support to ensure equity and readiness. The study concludes that digital applications possess transformative potential for ELT, but strategic implementation and professional development are critical to maximizing their educational impact and preparing learners for 21st-century global communication.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM AT MAN 2 MODEL MEDAN
This study explores the complex attitudinal profile of Grade X students at MAN 2 Model Medan toward English classroom interaction and examines how these attitudes reflect in their classroom participation. Operating within a descriptive qualitative design, the study utilized an open-ended questionnaire distributed to ten participants to capture their cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The findings reveal a dualistic psychological pattern where students demonstrate high cognitive appreciation for the utility of verbal interaction, yet this is often obstructed by significant affective barriers, specifically communication apprehension and fear of negative peer evaluation. These internal states directly dictate participation patterns on the classroom continuum, with resilient students manifesting active engagement and anxious students defaulting to defensive silence. The results imply that traditional pedagogical encouragement is insufficient to induce verbal participation when underlying affective barriers remain unaddressed. Therefore, it is suggested that English teachers minimize stressful teacher-fronted elicitation and prioritize the creation of low-anxiety, collaborative learning environments. These findings provide critical insights for EFL educators in Islamic secondary schools seeking to bridge the gap between learner cognition and active communicative performance.
THE TRANSFORMATION FROM SOCIOPRENEURSHIP TO SUFIPRENEURSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SPIRITUALIZING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SPHERE IN CONTEMPORARY ISLAM
This study aims to formulate and develop a new conceptual framework called sufipreneurship, as a response to the spiritual void within contemporary Islamic entrepreneurship models. By integrating a conceptual-philosophical approach and Sufi hermeneutics, sufipreneurship offers an entrepreneurial paradigm that incorporates core Sufi values—ikhlas (sincerity), zuhud (asceticism), tawakkul (trust in God), khidmah (service), and muraqabah (divine awareness)—into business practices that are spiritual, social, and ethical in nature. This concept not only expands the epistemology of Islamic entrepreneurship but also provides a normative critique of the secular capitalist model, which desacralizes the meaning of work and reduces it to mere profit maximization. The study employs a literature-based research method combined with data triangulation from classical and contemporary sources, along with field observations from Sufi communities (ṭarīqa). The findings suggest that sufipreneurship presents a relevant and practical alternative for addressing the ethical and spiritual crises within the Muslim business world. The implications of this research include the development of a Sufi-based entrepreneurship curriculum, policy recommendations for spiritually grounded Islamic economic empowerment programs, and strategic collaborations between religious institutions (ṭarīqa) and Islamic economic sectors. Hence, sufipreneurship offers a business framework that is maṣlaḥah-oriented, sustainable, and deeply rooted in Islamic spirituality.
THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER AS A FACILITATOR IN THE LEARNING PROCESS: A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This research examines the role of the teacher as a facilitator in the learning process from the perspective of educational psychology. This role reflects a shift from traditional teaching methods towards a more interactive and student-centred approach, in line with constructivism theory which emphasises the importance of active learning and students' personal experiences. In addition, the social and collaborative aspects of learning are recognised through the creation of a learning environment that supports interaction and cooperation between students, in line with social constructivism theory. Finally, the teacher as facilitator also plays an important role in providing emotional support and constructive feedback, which contributes to students' emotional well-being and the improvement of the learning process. Thus, teachers‘ adoption of the facilitator role can enhance learning effectiveness and develop students’ skills and attitudes that are essential for their future success.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN DEVELOPING MULTISECTORAL EDUCATION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This research aims to explore the collaborative role between the government and the private sector in developing multisectoral education. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this article identifies how both parties can complement each other in providing education that is more responsive, inclusive and relevant to global dynamics. The government acts as a policy setter and basic infrastructure provider, while the private sector introduces innovation and flexibility and ensures linkages between the education curriculum and labour market needs. The results show that effective communication and a clear partnership framework are essential to align the objectives of both parties. In addition, the development of continuous evaluation and feedback mechanisms is necessary to monitor and improve the quality of co-operation. With the implementation of these strategies, collaboration between the government and the private sector has great potential to create an adaptive, comprehensive and sustainable education system, capable of facing future challenges and opportunities.
INTER-SECTOR COLLABORATION IN EDUCATION: ANALYSING OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS THROUGH A LITERATURE REVIEW
This research explores the opportunities and barriers to intersectoral collaboration in education through a literature review. Collaboration between the education, business and government sectors was identified as providing a number of benefits, including increased resources, innovation in teaching methods and relevance of education programmes to labour market needs. However, there are various barriers that need to be overcome in order to achieve optimal results. These include differences in objectives between sectors, bureaucratic constraints, funding issues, ineffective communication and differences in organisational culture. This study emphasises the importance of commitment, open communication and flexible framework design to overcome these challenges and maximise the potential of intersectoral collaboration in education.
INTEGRATED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL
This research examines the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Secondary Schools as an effort to improve the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to understand how TQM strategies are applied in the educational context and identify their impact on various aspects of school operations. The research method used was literature review. The results show that the implementation of TQM in secondary schools creates a consistent and systematic mechanism in planning, implementing and evaluating the education process. It also increases the participation and involvement of all stakeholders and strengthens collaboration between teachers, students, parents and other school staff. In addition, TQM promotes a culture of continuous improvement and operational efficiency, which overall contributes to improved education quality and student learning satisfaction. The conclusion of this study confirms that TQM is an effective approach in improving the quality of education in secondary schools. With TQM in place, schools can achieve higher quality standards, create a more conducive learning environment and meet students' needs more effectively.
TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE SCHOOL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND PROCESSES
Transparent and accountable school financial management is an important aspect in ensuring the sustainability and credibility of educational institutions. Transparency enables effective oversight and reduces the risk of misappropriation of funds, while accountability ensures that any funds utilised can be accounted for to all stakeholders. However, significant challenges are often faced, including limited skilled human resources, differences in standards and regulations between different levels of government, and limitations in technology and infrastructure. Overcoming these challenges requires improving the capacity of human resources through regular training and appropriate application of information technology, as well as strong collaboration between schools, government and communities. Thus, more open and accountable financial management can be achieved, supporting sustainable educational progress.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN ACHIEVING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This research explores the importance of effective classroom management implementation in achieving learning objectives. Good classroom management is a fundamental factor in creating a conducive learning environment, reducing behavioural disruptions and increasing student engagement. This study highlights various strategies that teachers can use to manage the classroom more effectively, including the physical organisation of the classroom, the application of positive discipline, as well as differentiation of learning to accommodate the various needs of students. The results show that effective classroom management not only contributes to improving students' academic achievement, but also in the development of important life skills such as responsibility and self-discipline. Thus, the implementation of well-planned and thoughtful classroom management is key in supporting a more efficient learning process and the achievement of optimal educational goals.
APPLICATION OF PIAGET'S THEORY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
The application of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory in early childhood education curriculum development plays an important role in creating learning programmes that are appropriate to children's developmental stages. Piaget's theory, which identifies sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages, offers guidance for educators to design appropriate educational activities that support children in each stage of development. Learning through direct experience and play activities, in accordance with Piaget's principles, allows children to learn through interaction with their environment, reinforcing understanding and skills naturally. This approach not only makes the learning process more interesting and relevant for children, but also ensures that the concepts taught are appropriate for their cognitive abilities. The implementation of Piaget's theory in the curriculum also emphasises the early development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are important for intellectual development and readiness to face future challenges. Thus, Piaget's theory contributes significantly to shaping a curriculum that is adaptive, child-centred and effective in supporting children's holistic development early in their educational journey.
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE QUR'AN; PATIENCE, HONESTY AND RESPONSIBILITY
This study aims to analyze character education in the Qur'an; patience, honesty and responsibility. This study uses a method with a qualitative approach. Observing the condition of the Indonesian nation which is on the verge of moral decay and quite threatening the continuity of national and state life, has encouraged the government to take the initiative to prioritize character development. National character development through character education is used as the main stream of national development. The results of this study can be concluded that character education based on the values of the Qur'an such as patience, honesty, and responsibility is very important to form individuals with noble morals. By applying these values in everyday life, it is hoped that the younger generation can grow into good individuals, useful for themselves, their families, and society.
Aceng Nurul Huda, Achmad Saefurridjal, Iskandar Mirza
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This article examines the crucial role of teachers in improving the quality of education for students with disabilities. The main focus is on the methods applied by teachers to create learning environments that are inclusive and responsive to students' individual needs. The study identifies that teachers' expertise in designing adaptive learning strategies, as well as the use of assistive technology, are key factors in facilitating effective learning. In addition, the study highlights the importance of collaboration between teachers, families and other professionals to build a comprehensive and sustainable education plan. Thus, the proactive role of teachers contributes not only to the academic development but also to the social and emotional progress of students with disabilities, enabling them to reach their full potential in a supportive and inclusive environment.
THE STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE IN USE GOOGLE FORM IN ENGLISH TEST AT SD KARTIKA 1-4 PEMATANGSIANTAR
This study looks into students' thoughts on the use of Google Forms as a learning assessment tool in English language assessments. The research employed a quantitative methodology using questionnaires to gather data from fifth-grade students at SD KARTIKA 1-4 Pematangsiantar. The study focused on three key aspects of Google Forms: attractiveness, accessibility, and effectiveness. Due to the data, students generally found Google Forms attractive, with most of them like the platform's display. . However, accessibility posed challenges, with students reporting difficulties operating Google Forms, experiencing interruptions due to slow internet connections, and expressing concerns about the potential for cheating. Regarding effectiveness, students found Google Forms facilitated understanding of English test questions and preferred it over traditional paper-based tests. They also felt more confident answering questions using Google Forms. However, the immediate feedback provided by Google Forms caused anxiety for some students. . The study concludes that while Google Forms offers advantages in terms of convenience and accessibility, Challenges connected to internet access, technological concerns, and the possibility for cheating must be overcome to ensure its successful and equitable use in educational contexts. The findings highlight the importance of considering students' perspectives when integrating digital assessment tools into the learning process and underscore the need for ongoing efforts to improve the accessibility and reliability of such technologies.
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM: LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Character education is an important aspect of the national curriculum that aims to shape young people who not only excel academically, but also have strong moral and ethical values. This study analyses various literatures as well as the implementation of character education in schools, identifying the challenges and opportunities that exist. The results of the analysis show that although character education has the support of government policy, its implementation still faces various obstacles such as a lack of understanding and competence of teachers, limited facilities and infrastructure, and a less conducive educational environment. However, opportunities to optimise character education remain large through the use of educational technology, supportive policies, and cooperation with various stakeholders. In conclusion, with commitment and good cooperation, character education can be implemented effectively so as to contribute to the formation of a generation with strong and positive character.
COMMON GRAMMATICAL MISTAKE FOR ENGLISH’S STUDENTS OFTADRIS ENGLISH LANGUAGE
This paper is aimed to investigate the common grammatical mistake and describe the findings descriptively as possible. This research used descriptive qualitative as a research design. The instruments used were observation and interview. The interview is used unstructured interview to get free question and answer about the topic. Interview and observation did in two classes of third and five semesters by joining the activities in the classroom. Most of the students in the classroom are eight students in third semesters and eight students in five semesters. The total number of the students are 18 students. Ten students are female and six students are male. The data was gained from the lecture of writing. In analyzing the data, the researcher used snowballing technique. It means the first data became alternative finding until the researcher found the final findings. The final finding is drawn descriptively. The finding of this research is only three students good grammar from 18 students. It was concluded that the English students in third and five semesnter of Tadris English language still get common mistake in grammar.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIO VISUAL EFL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING TENSES, SYNONYMS AND ANTONYM IN 2NDARY SCHOOL
Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the secondary school level faces various challenges, including low student motivation and difficulties in understanding abstract concepts such as tenses, synonyms, and antonyms. This study aims to develop interactive audio-visual learning media to improve students' comprehension and motivation in learning. The research employs the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to systematically design media that integrates elements such as animations, simulations, and interactive quizzes. The results of this study demonstrate that interactive audio-visual media significantly enhance student engagement. This method is particularly eflective for teaching tenses, synonyms, and antonyms.. Based on a thorough literature review, the use of such media significantly enhances learning outcomes and increases student involvement in the learning process. The incorporation of multimedia learning theories, such as Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Constructivist Theory, ensures that the media developed addresses the complex and abstract nature of EFL topics, fostering deeper and more practical understanding for secondary school students. This research reaffirms the relevance and eflectiveness of audio- visual media in supporting EFL learning success, providing innovative methods to overcome challenges in teaching abstract concepts to students.
Syarifah Soraya, Ciraenda Caenovea, Muhammad Alief Raihan Ramadhan
APPLICATION OF STEAM LEARNING METHODS TO INCREASE STUDENT CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
This research aims to explore the application of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) learning method and its impact on increasing student creativity and innovation. The literature review method was used to collect and analyze various previous studies that examined the effectiveness of the STEAM approach in education. The findings show that the STEAM method makes a significant contribution to the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills. In addition, the integration of arts in STEM learning encourages students to think more creatively, generate innovative ideas, and face challenges more flexibly. This conclusion confirms that the application of the STEAM method not only enriches students' learning experiences but also prepares them to become innovative and adaptive individuals in the future. The implications of this research suggest that educational systems should adopt STEAM methods more widely to maximize students' creative and innovative potential.
HARNESSING CLASSICAL MUSIC TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Advanced reading comprehension is a critical competency required for university students to achieve academic success; however, many undergraduates experience cognitive overload and anxiety when interacting with dense academic texts. This study empirically investigates the efficacy of utilizing a classical music background as an environmental intervention to improve reading comprehension among higher education students. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design, this study involved 70 undergraduate students who were equally distributed into an experimental group (n = 35), exposed to low-intensity non-lyrical classical music (60–80 bpm) during reading tasks, and a control group (n = 35), situated in a traditional silent classroom. Data were gathered through standardized academic reading tests and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS. The descriptive results revealed that while both cohorts shared a homogenous baseline in the pre-test, the experimental group achieved a substantial post-test mean score increase (M = 82.10, Gain = +16.70) compared to the modest progress of the control group (M = 71.30, Gain = +6.50). Furthermore, the Independent Samples t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference in post-test performance between the two groups, t(68) = 4.21, p < .001. Grounded in the Arousal-Conjecture and Cognitive Load theories, these findings demonstrate that a structured acoustic environment successfully mitigates mental fatigue and optimizes working memory capacity. This study concludes that harnessing classical music is a viable, evidence-based pedagogical strategy to foster advanced literacy in modern tertiary education.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS DEVOTION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
Students often forget their duties as servants, which has the potential to negatively impact their behavior patterns and trigger a lifestyle that disrupts mental health, whereas mental health arises from a personality capable of balancing the dimensions of life. This study aims to measure the extent of the influence of religious observance on the mental health of UAD students.The population of this study is PAI students at UAD. The data collection technique used was random sampling. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. This study shows a significant influence of religious observance on mental health, with regression results indicating a significance value of 0.00.Furthermore, the percentage of the influence of religious observance on mental health, obtained as an R Square value of 0.531, can be interpreted as religious observance contributing 53.1%. It also shows a correlation value of 0.728, indicating a strong relationship between religious adherence and mental health.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HAND HYGIENE EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE RATE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
This study aims to analyze the implementation of hand hygiene education in senior secondary schools (SMA) and its impact on reducing the incidence of infectious diseases among students. Through a literature review method, this research collects and analyzes data from various sources that describes hand hygiene education programs and their effectiveness in the context of high schools. The results of the analysis show that a hand hygiene education program implemented systematically and continuously is able to increase awareness and hand hygiene behavior among students. This program has also been proven to significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, such as influenza, diarrhea and respiratory tract infections. This research highlights the importance of support from schools, educators, and families in maximizing the effectiveness of hand hygiene education programs. Apart from that, this research also emphasizes the need for adequate tools and facilities, such as soap and clean water, as well as providing consistent and precise information regarding the importance of hand hygiene. The conclusion of this research shows that implementing good hand hygiene education can be an effective strategy in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases in high schools. This research recommends that schools implement a comprehensive and sustainable approach to instilling good hand hygiene behavior among students.