International Journal Of Humanities, Social Sciences And Business (INJOSS)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS) | ISSN (e): 2962-6781 is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the fields of humanities, social sciences, and business. Starting Volume 3 Number 2 Year 2024 to access the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS) Humanities include: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Arts, Philosophy, Religion, Fine Arts. Social Science fields of Science include: Economics, politics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Cultural and Ethical Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archeology, and other related fields. Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, and business
DESIGN PRACTICE AS A CULTURAL RESPONSE TO TEXTILE WASTE AND SUSTAINABILITY VALUES
Textile waste generated by the fashion industry represents not only an environmental challenge but also a cultural outcome of contemporary production systems and consumption values. In Indonesia, the dominance of synthetic materials and fast fashion practices has intensified the accumulation of textile waste, reflecting a linear perception of material use and disposal. This study explores synthetic fleece textile waste through a design-led approach, positioning design practice as a cultural and reflective response to sustainability issues rather than a purely technical solution. Using qualitative methods including field observation, interviews, visual documentation, and design-driven material exploration, the research examines fleece waste sourced from garment production in Bandung. Material exploration combines fleece fibers with potato starch as a natural binder, guided by Material Driven Design and Cradle-to-Cradle principles. Rather than emphasizing technical optimization, the study focuses on how material behavior, surface expression, and limitations inform design decisions and sustainability narratives. The findings show that fleece waste can be reframed as a meaningful material within non-structural interior applications when approached through design practice. The resulting wall clock serves as a reflective artifact that communicates material origin, transformation processes, and sustainability values within a familiar domestic context. This research contributes to design and sustainability discourse by demonstrating how design practice can transform textile waste into culturally relevant material narratives, fostering material awareness and alternative value systems in everyday life.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal Of Humanities, Social Sciences And Business (INJOSS)
HRM IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL REALITY WORKSPACES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
The development of digital technology has encouraged organizations to adopt the metaverse as a virtual reality-based workspace that offers immersive and collaborative work experiences. This transformation has significant implications for Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, particularly in human resource management, work interaction patterns, and the formation and maintenance of organizational culture. This research aims to comprehensively examine the role of HRM in the metaverse context and analyze the implications of virtual workspace use on organizational culture. The method used is a literature review, examining various scientific sources, including journal articles, academic books, and relevant publications discussing the metaverse, virtual reality, digital HRM, and organizational culture. The results indicate that implementing the metaverse in the workplace has the potential to change communication dynamics, organizational values, employee engagement, and leadership practices and collaboration across geographic boundaries. Furthermore, this transformation also presents new challenges for HRM, such as employee identity issues, cultural adaptation, digital ethics, and the sustainability of social relationships in virtual spaces. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of digital HRM studies and serve as a practical reference for organizations in designing human resource management strategies that are adaptive to metaverse-based work ecosystems.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF COMPUTERS IN ONLINE LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This article analyses the potential use of computers in online learning in the digital age through two main dimensions: accessibility-flexibility and interactivity-innovation. Computer accessibility enables inclusive education to reach remote areas of Indonesia via offline download features, multi-device support, and multi-language personalisation, with an increase in student participation of up to 60% based on post-pandemic literature. Interactivity through AR/VR 3D overlays, gamification, AI chatbots, and virtual business simulations increases memory retention by 55%, critical thinking, and entrepreneurship skills by 60%, transforming passive learning into a dynamic student-centred ecosystem. Recommendations from this research include the need for national digital literacy teacher training, hybrid cloud infrastructure, and integration of the Merdeka Curriculum to realise Indonesia Emas 2045 through equitable quality education.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND INNOVATION OUTCOMES: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW ACROSS CULTURAL CONTEXTS
This study aims to comprehensively examine the relationship between leadership style and innovation outcomes through a meta-analytic approach based on a cross-cultural literature review. Organizational innovation is increasingly viewed as the result of a complex interaction between structural, individual, and leadership factors, particularly in a global environment characterized by diverse values, norms, and work practices. Through a systematic search of internationally reputable journal articles published over the past two decades, this study integrates empirical findings on the influence of various leadership styles, such as transformational, transactional, authentic, and participatory leadership, on various forms of innovation outcomes, including product innovation, process innovation, and employee innovative behavior. The results indicate that leadership styles oriented toward empowerment, vision, and psychological support tend to have a stronger and more consistent influence on innovation outcomes across cultural contexts, although the strength of the relationship varies depending on the dominant cultural values. These findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity in applying leadership styles to foster innovation and provide a theoretical contribution to the development of cross-cultural leadership literature. Practically, the results of this study can serve as a reference for multinational organizations in designing adaptive and contextual leadership strategies to improve innovation performance.
TAX SOCIALIZATION, SERVICE QUALITY AND TAXPAYER LOYALTY: PUBLIC TRUST AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE IN TANGGAMUS REGENCY, LAMPUNG
Tax compliance and taxpayer payment loyalty are essential for the sustainability of taxation systems and are closely shaped by the quality of interactions between tax authorities and taxpayers. This study examines the influence of service quality and tax socialization on taxpayer payment loyalty, with public trust serving as a mediating variable. Employing a quantitative explanatory research design, data were gathere through structured questionnaires distributed to taxpayers in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. The data were analysis using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping techniques to assess both direct and indirect relationships among the research variables. The findings indicate that Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Kepercayaan publik and Taxpayer Payment Loyalty. Furthermore, Kepercayaan publik significantly mediates the relationship between Service Quality and Taxpayer Payment Loyalty, highlighting the pivotal role of trust as a key mechanism in fostering sustainable tax compliance. In contrast, Tax Socialization demonstrates a significant direct effect on Taxpayer Payment Loyalty but does not have a significant effect on Public Trust, nor does it produce a mediating effect through trust. These results suggest that tax socialization activities that are predominantly technical and one-way are insufficient to build taxpayer trust. Overall, this study underscores the importance of consistently improving service quality and strengthening institutional trust as primary strategies to enhance taxpayer loyalty. The findings contribute to the literature on public administration, tax compliance behavior, and institutional trust within the context of public finance.
DYNAMIC VISUAL IDENTITY DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR LOCAL MSME BASED ON BRAND VALUE AND BRAND ACTIVATION STEPS
The rapid development of urban lifestyles in major cities in Indonesia has encouraged the emergence of various Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) from novice business players. This has led to many MSMEs experiencing differentiation challenges with competitors in the market. One of the challenges faced is the implementation of branding, including visual identity, which is not yet optimal, so that the brand value that is intended to be conveyed is not properly communicated to the audience. This study aims to develop a framework for designing a visual identity system for MSMEs that is dynamic and based on the brand value they wish to convey. This framework is developed based on academic and practical perspectives, with a synthesis of the results of a study of dynamic visual identity theory, observations of the workflow of practical branding designers, and categorization based on brand activation steps.
CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN IMPLEMENTING THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM
This study investigates the challenges faced by English teachers and students in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at SMA 2 Wonosari. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that teachers experience difficulties in lesson planning, classroom implementation, and assessment, particularly related to time management, student diversity, and limited facilities. Students also face challenges in adapting to student-centered learning and technology-based instruction. These findings suggest the need for continuous teacher training and institutional support to ensure effective curriculum implementation.
IMPACT OF MIXED SERVICE MARKETING PERFORMANCE AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ON PATIENT LOYALTY CASE STUDY: PRIVATE HOSPITAL, BANDUNG
Hospitals must deliver safe, timely, high-quality care while staying efficient and financially sustainable. Because healthcare is a credence service, patients often judge value from what they directly experience—communication, reliability of the service flow, waiting time, and facilities—rather than from technical outcomes. This study examined whether a hospital-adapted 9P service marketing mix and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are associated with loyalty among corporate clients of a private women-and-children hospital in Bandung that showed declining utilisation and fewer corporate partners over one year. Using an explanatory cross-sectional design, data were collected from 125 employee-patients across 25 partner companies through five-point Likert questionnaires; scores were transformed using the Method of Successive Intervals (MSI) and analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and path analysis (). The 9P mix was rated fair-to-good (mean 3.39/5), strongest in staff appearance, professionalism, and core services, but weaker in promotion, price perceptions, punctuality/process reliability, and access cues. CRM was moderate-to-low (mean 2.85), with strong interpersonal communication but limited correspondence and rewards/privileges. Loyalty was moderate (mean 3.07): intention to return, cross-service use, and willingness to recommend were relatively strong, yet revisit frequency and feedback to management remained lower, indicating an intention–behaviour gap. In the path model, 9P significantly predicted loyalty (), whereas CRM did not (); together they explained 29.1% of loyalty variance (). The main implication is to improve point-of-care reliability first, then systematise CRM through scheduled follow-up, documented service recovery, and practical corporate benefits.
AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON REGIONAL SUPERIOR COMMODITIES
Developing agribusiness based on regionally superior commodities is a crucial strategy for driving regional economic growth, improving farmer welfare, and strengthening national food security. Each region has distinct natural resource, social, and economic characteristics, necessitating a specific agribusiness development approach based on local potential. This study aims to analyze agribusiness development strategies based on regionally superior commodities through a literature review. The study was conducted by examining various scientific sources, including journal articles, books, research reports, and policy documents relevant to agribusiness development, superior commodities, and regional development. The results indicate that an effective agribusiness development strategy relies on identifying superior commodities with comparative and competitive advantages, strengthening the agribusiness value chain from upstream to downstream, increasing human resource capacity, and providing sustainable policy and institutional support. Furthermore, the integration of technological innovation, market access, and collaboration among stakeholders are key factors in enhancing the competitiveness of agribusiness based on regionally superior commodities. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for policy makers and agribusiness actors in designing adaptive, sustainable agribusiness development strategies that are oriented towards local superior potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITY AS A PREDICTOR OF DIGITAL PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF DIGITAL CARBON FOOTPRINT AWARENESS AMONG GENERATION Z
The rapid development of digital technology has driven an increase in online activities that indirectly contribute to the digital carbon footprint, especially through the use of electronic devices, cloud-based services, and intensive data consumption. Generation Z as the demographic group most familiar with digital technology has a strategic role in encouraging pro-environmental behavior in the digital realm. This study aims to examine the role of environmental identity as a predictor of digital pro-environmental behavior, with a focus on digital carbon footprint awareness among Generation Z. The method used is a systematic literature review of scientific articles, academic books, and research reports relevant to the topics of environmental identity, digital pro-environmental behavior, and environmental awareness of Generation Z. The results of the study indicate that a strong environmental identity contributes significantly to increasing individual awareness and engagement in environmentally friendly digital behavior, such as managing digital energy consumption, selecting sustainable platforms, and reducing non-essential digital activities. In addition, the literature also confirms that personal values, social norms, and digital environmental literacy play a mediating role in the relationship between environmental identity and digital pro-environmental behavior. This research provides a conceptual contribution in broadening the understanding of pro-environmental behavior in the digital era and serves as a basis for developing educational strategies and policies oriented towards reducing the environmental impact of Generation Z's digital activities.
ECO-GUILT AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTOR OF SUSTAINABLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM GENERATION Z
The increasing urgency of environmental degradation has intensified scholarly attention toward psychological factors that influence sustainable consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z. This generation is widely recognized for its heightened environmental awareness, digital literacy, and sensitivity to social and ecological issues. One psychological construct that has gained prominence in this context is eco-guilt, defined as a feeling of moral discomfort arising from environmentally harmful consumption practices. This study aims to examine eco-guilt as a psychological predictor of sustainable consumer behavior among Generation Z through a systematic literature review. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this research synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and reputable conference proceedings published over the last decade. The analysis focuses on conceptual frameworks, empirical evidence, and theoretical models that explain the relationship between eco-guilt and pro-environmental consumption behaviors, such as green purchasing, waste reduction, and responsible product usage. The results of the review indicate that eco-guilt plays a significant role in motivating sustainable consumption by enhancing moral awareness, perceived personal responsibility, and behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the literature suggests that eco-guilt often interacts with other psychological variables, including environmental concern, social norms, and environmental identity, in shaping consumer decisions. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive synthesis of eco-guilt as an emotional driver of sustainability-oriented behavior among Generation Z and offers theoretical and practical implications for policymakers, educators, and marketers seeking to promote sustainable consumption patterns.
INTEGRATION OF SHARIA MAQASHID AND ISLAMIC WORK-LIFE BALANCE: SUSTAINABLE EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING FRAMEWORK IN SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (SLR)
Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) bear a dual responsibility: achieving financial performance while ensuring Sustainable Employee Welfare (SEWB) is aligned with the mission of maslahah. Contemporary Human Resource Management (SDI) practices often fail to integrate the spiritual dimension, which triggers problems such as burnout and turnover intention. This study aims to synthesize the SEWB strategic model in LKS through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), in order to bridge the normative gap and operational implementation of SDI. The SLR method was carried out by analyzing the latest literature (2020–2025) on Maqashid Sharia, Islamic Work-Life Balance (I-WLB), and SEWB. The results of the synthesis formulate a causal model: a sustainable SEWB (falah) is achieved through integration. The Sharia Maqashid serves as a philosophical foundation and ethical compass, while the I-WLB acts as an operational strategic mechanism. Specifically, Hifz al-Nafs and Hifz al-Aql are operationalized through the I-WLB policy for the mental and spiritual protection of employees. This model implies the need for Islamic Financial Institutions to develop a Human Resources policy based on three main pillars: spiritual, personal, and social, which is ready to be empirically tested.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MIDDLE CLASS SUNDAY SCHOOL CURRICULUM WITH THE CIPP APPROACH AT THE GPSDI EFATA AMBON CONGREGATION
This study evaluates the implementation of the Middle Grade Sunday School Curriculum at GPSDI Jemaat Efata Ambon using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) approach. The evaluation was conducted using a mixed method, combining quantitative data from 32 students through questionnaires and qualitative data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of teachers, administrators, parents, and students. The evaluation results indicate that the learning context and the suitability of the curriculum to the needs of children aged 9–11 years still need adjustments to be more relevant and participatory. Input aspects such as teaching materials, media, teacher competency, and infrastructure are in the inadequate category, thus limiting the effectiveness of the learning process which tends to be lecture-dominated and minimal interactivity. Product evaluation shows growth in faith, skills in leading prayer and praise, but mastery of memorized verses is not consistent. These findings emphasize the need for more adaptive curriculum improvements, teacher competency enhancement, utilization of learning media, and integration of formative evaluation to support the growth of faith, character, and students' skills on an ongoing basis. This study provides a practical contribution to the development of Sunday Schools in Pentecostal churches and strengthens the understanding of CIPP-based curriculum evaluation in Christian education.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF THE TJ: TRANSJAKARTA APPLICATION USING THE INDOBERT MODEL
This research focuses on identifying user sentiment toward the TJ: Transjakarta application based on reviews available on the Google Play Store. A total of 3,431 user reviews were collected using web scraping techniques. The collected data were processed through several preprocessing stages, including text cleaning, normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. Sentiment labels were initially assigned using a dictionary-based lexicon approach with the InSet lexicon, resulting in 1,991 positive and 1,440 negative reviews. The dataset was subsequently divided into training, validation, and testing subsets before fine-tuning the IndoBERT-base-p1 model. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 87.76%, with balanced precision and recall across both sentiment classes. Further analysis using word cloud visualization indicates that positive sentiment is mainly related to route accessibility and schedule information, while negative sentiment is dominated by technical issues and transaction-related problems. These results confirm the effectiveness of IndoBERT for Indonesian sentiment analysis and its potential use in evaluating the quality of public transportation applications
HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHO DELIVERANCE SPIRITUAL (PSYCHODELSPY) HEALING THERAPY FOR CHRISTIAN CONGREGATIONS USING IMMUNITY SCIENCE VICTIMS OF OCCULTISM
The practice of occultism, including invulnerability magic, remains a widespread phenomenon across various segments of society, including among Christians. Belief in supernatural powers and the ability to be immune to physical attacks is often a special attraction, especially for those who feel vulnerable or seek protection beyond the reach of reason. Immunity science, with all its rituals and practices, often involves aspects that contradict religious teachings, especially Christianity. This practice not only has an impact on spiritual aspects, but can also cause psychological and social problems for its adherents.The development of spiritual healing therapies is very rare, but the number of victims of occultism has an increasing tendency, especially among practitioners of invulnerability. This study uses qualitative procedures to describe data to produce or test the developed product, but its main focus is on the creation and validation of a product, not pure data analysis. The research method is oriented towards the development of a product from Psycho Deliverance Spiritual healing therapy and testing its effectiveness. The results of the evaluation of this therapy have produced a new therapy product from the previous one.
Psycho Deliverance Spiritual (Psychodelspy)
Healing Therapy For Christian Congregations
Using Immunity Science Victims Of Occultism
COMMUNICATING URBAN HERITAGE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN TEGAL CITY
Urban heritage plays an important role in shaping city identity and collective memory. In the digital era, social media has become a key platform for communicating cultural values and representing urban heritage to the public. This study examines how urban heritage is communicated through official social media accounts of Tegal City and explores audience preferences toward heritage-related digital content. Using a mixed qualitative approach, this research combines content analysis of social media posts with a survey of 104 respondents to identify dominant communication patterns, content types, and audience expectations. The findings indicate that social media communication in Tegal City is predominantly informational and promotional, with limited use of historical narratives and heritage-based storytelling. Meanwhile, audience preferences show a strong interest in clear narratives, consistent visual identity, and content that highlights historical and cultural values. The gap between current communication practices and audience expectations suggests that urban heritage has not yet been optimally positioned as a core element of the city’s digital representation. This study contributes to cultural and social science discussions by highlighting the role of social media in shaping public perceptions of urban heritage and city identity, particularly in medium-sized cities. The results underscore the importance of aligning digital communication practices with audience preferences to strengthen heritage-based urban representation.
AI-GOVERNANCE AND ALGORITHMIC ACCOUNTABILITY: RETHINKING LEGAL STANDARDS IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS DECISION-MAKING
The rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the use of autonomous decision-making systems in various sectors, including public administration, finance, healthcare, and law enforcement. While AI offers greater efficiency and objectivity, its application also poses serious challenges related to algorithmic governance and accountability, particularly when the resulting decisions significantly impact individual rights and obligations. This research aims to critically examine the existing legal framework and regulatory standards addressing the phenomenon of AI-based autonomous decision-making, and to evaluate the extent to which the principles of accountability, transparency, fairness, and legal responsibility can be applied to algorithmic systems. The research method used is a literature review, examining academic sources, international regulations, public policies, and reports from global institutions relevant to AI governance and algorithmic accountability. The results show that traditional legal standards still face limitations in accommodating the complex, adaptive, and often opaque (black box) characteristics of AI. Therefore, this research emphasizes the need for a new regulatory approach that is adaptive, risk-based, and ethically oriented to ensure that the use of AI remains aligned with human rights protection, legal certainty, and public trust in the era of autonomous decision-making.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPUTERS ON CREATIVE INDUSTRIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ART
Computers have revolutionised the creative industry and digital art by introducing sophisticated software and hardware, such as Adobe Creative Suite and graphic tablets, which allow artists to create works of high quality and incredible detail. New technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have transformed the interaction between artists and artworks, enabling creation in three-dimensional spaces and more immersive interactive experiences. In addition, networking and cloud technologies facilitate global collaboration and efficiency in art production, while innovations such as blockchain and NFTs offer new ways to distribute and protect digital artworks. This combination of advanced tools, technologies and educational resources is fuelling rapid growth and transformation in the digital art world.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal Of Humanities, Social Sciences And Business (INJOSS)
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A UNIFYING OR DIVIDING TOOL? A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
In the digital era, social media has become one of the main components in the life of the global community. This article analyses the role of social media from a sociological perspective, with the aim of understanding whether social media serves more as a unifying or dividing tool for communities. On the one hand, social media has the ability to bring together individuals from different parts of the world, form solid communities based on shared interests and values, and facilitate social mobilisation and solidarity campaigns. On the other hand, it can also deepen social polarisation and fragmentation through algorithms that create echo chambers, as well as the spread of disinformation and hateful content that fuels social conflict. Thus, social media is a double-edged sword that requires critical understanding and appropriate policies to maximise its potential as a unifying tool, while reducing its risk as a divisive tool.
STRATEGIES FOR HANDLING BULLYING IN EDUCATION
Bullying is a serious problem that continues to plague educational environments at various levels. This phenomenon negatively affects students' physical, emotional and academic well-being. This study aims to examine various effective strategies in dealing with bullying in schools. The research method used was literature review. The main strategies include the development of a comprehensive anti-bullying policy, staff and student training, implementation of evidence-based prevention programmes, and creation of a positive school culture. The results showed that a combination of these strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of bullying and increase students' sense of safety at school. The study concludes that addressing bullying requires long-term commitment and co-operation from all relevant parties to create a safe and supportive learning environment for all students.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC SERVICE STANDARDS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Public Service Standards are an important component in efforts to improve the quality of state administration. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of Public Service Standards in various government agencies. The method used includes a literature study. The evaluation results show that the implementation of these standards has brought improvements in terms of transparency and efficiency of public services. However, there are still some obstacles such as limited resources and differences in understanding among government officials. This research concludes that despite the progress, there is still a need for continuous efforts to optimise the implementation of the Public Service Standard.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF COMPUTERS IN ONLINE LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The development of digital technology has opened up great opportunities for the use of computers in online learning. In this digital era, computer becomes a very important tool in supporting distance teaching and learning process. The use of computers in online learning allows wider access to education, increases learning flexibility, and provides a variety of rich learning resources. Through various applications and learning platforms, students can interact with the subject matter more dynamically and interestingly. However, the use of computers in online learning also presents challenges such as the need for adequate infrastructure and improved digital skills for teachers and students. Nonetheless, the potential of computers in supporting online learning is huge and can bring positive changes in education in this digital era.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS IN EMPOWERING MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES
Social organisations play an important role in helping disadvantaged communities. They work to improve the lives of people who are often overlooked or have difficulty getting help. The activities of social organisations include providing direct assistance, skills training, and trying to make changes in government policies. Despite facing many challenges, social organisations continue to strive to make a difference. They often work with governments and other groups to achieve their goals. The success of social organisations not only helps individuals, but can also improve society as a whole. The role of social organisations is invaluable in building a more just and prosperous society. They provide hope and support to those most in need, helping to create opportunities for people to better their own lives.
OPTIMISING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY THROUGH LEAN MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
The application of Lean Management in the manufacturing industry is an effective strategy to improve production efficiency by reducing waste, improving quality, and speeding up production time. In this context, Lean Management focuses on eliminating non-value-adding activities and encourages flexibility and adaptability to changing market demands. The application of this methodology not only cuts operational costs, but also fosters a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement within the company. However, the success of Lean Management is highly dependent on the commitment of top management and the active participation of all employees in facing the challenges of organisational change. With the support of effective communication and strong leadership, manufacturing organisations can maximise the benefits of Lean Management and increase their competitive advantage in the global market.
DATA SECURITY IN COMPUTERS: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF ENCRYPTION
Encryption is a vital process in computer data security that converts open information into encrypted text to protect it from unauthorised access. The process relies on the use of complex algorithms and decryption keys that ensure that only authorised parties can access the information. Encryption security is crucial in this digital age to maintain privacy and protect the information assets of organisations and individuals during data storage and transmission. However, the implementation of this security faces challenges such as secure key management, selection of robust and efficient algorithms, and complying with regulations related to the use of encryption technology. With continuous development and multi-stakeholder engagement, encryption-based data security can be continuously strengthened to deal with dynamic cyber threats.
CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF DIGITALISATION: HOW CAN COMPUTERS BE PROTECTED?
In the era of growing digitalisation, cybersecurity challenges have become critical issues that require serious attention from individuals and organisations. Various types of cyber threats such as ransomware, phishing, and DDoS attacks are increasingly sophisticated and diverse, demanding a comprehensive and proactive approach to digital asset protection. Ensuring computers are protected requires a combination of up-to-date security technologies such as antivirus, firewalls, data encryption, and multifactor authentication, as well as strict security policy implementation and ongoing education. Success in meeting these challenges also depends on adaptability and rapid response to dynamic threats, with the development of effective emergency response plans. The right combination of technology, policy and operational preparedness will provide robust and responsive protection amidst the complexity of today's digital landscape.
EMPLOYEE COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT: THE KEY TO ORGANISATIONAL SUCCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Employee competency development is key to organisational success in the 21st century, which is characterised by intense global competition and rapid technological change. High employee competence not only improves efficiency and productivity but also drives innovation and adaptation to change. Investment in employee development contributes to labour satisfaction and retention, reduces recruitment and training costs, and creates a positive work culture. In addition, good employee competence also reflects on the organisation's reputation, building trust and customer loyalty. As such, employee competency development is a strategic investment that supports the stability, sustainability and achievement of an organisation's business objectives.
CHILD CARE POLICY: PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION
The Child Care Policy is a series of measures and rules established by the government and relevant stakeholders, which aim to protect children's rights, ensure their safety, and prevent acts of violence, neglect, and exploitation against children. This policy includes prevention, protection, and case handling efforts, and aims to create a safe and supportive environment for children's growth and development. Thus, the Child Care Policy is an important initiative that aims to protect children from abuse, neglect and exploitation. With effective implementation, the Child Care Policy is expected to significantly reduce cases of child abuse, neglect and exploitation, and contribute to the formation of a better future generation.
PRO-CHILD POLICY: SAFEGUARDING THE NEXT GENERATION FROM THE THREAT OF VIOLENCE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION
Pro-child policy is an important initiative in protecting and ensuring the welfare of the nation's next generation from the threat of violence, neglect and exploitation. A pro- child policy is a set of measures, regulations, programmes and initiatives designed and implemented by governments, institutions or organisations with the primary aim of protecting, promoting and fulfilling children's rights. It focuses on the best interests of children in various aspects of life, including health, education, security and well-being. The ultimate goal is to create a safe, supportive and conducive environment for children's optimal growth and development, and to protect them from various forms of abuse, neglect and exploitation. Pro-child policies include efforts to strengthen child protection systems, improve access to basic services, and ensure children's participation in decisions that affect their lives. With that, effective and sustainable pro- child policies not only protect children from immediate threats but also contribute to the long-term development of human capital, which is critical to the progress and sustainability of a nation.
ANALYSING THE APPLICATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
This study aims to analyse the application of good governance principles in public administration and its impact on the effectiveness of public services and public trust. Good governance, which includes the principles of transparency, accountability, public participation, and responsibility, is identified as a key factor that can improve government performance. Through literature analysis and case studies, this research found that the application of good governance principles has a positive impact in reducing corruption, improving administrative efficiency, and strengthening the legitimacy of government policies. In addition, the research also revealed that active public participation in the decision-making process enriches policies with a more inclusive and relevant perspective. Accountability and transparency mechanisms have proven effective in building public trust and minimising abuse of power. The results show that public administrations managed based on the principles of good governance are better able to face complex development challenges with sustainable solutions.