International Journal Of Humanities, Social Sciences And Business (INJOSS)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS) | ISSN (e): 2962-6781 is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the fields of humanities, social sciences, and business. Humanities include: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Arts, Philosophy, Religion, Fine Arts. Social Science fields of Science include: Economics, politics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Cultural and Ethical Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archeology, and other related fields. Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, and business
BRANDING STRATEGY EXPLORATION IN BUILDING BRAND AWARENESS IN COFFEE SHOP MSMEs IN KENDARI CITY
The development of coffee MSME-based shops in Kendari City show that competition is no longer only determined by product quality, but also by the ability to build a brand. awareness through consistent branding strategies. This situation drives the need for a deeper understanding of business actors' experiences in shaping brand identity amidst changing consumer behavior and digital marketing. This study aims to explore branding strategies in building a brand. awareness of coffee SMEs shop in Kendari City. The method used was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of informants directly involved in branding practices. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that brand Awareness is built through a consistent brand identity, a pleasant customer experience, active marketing communications, and a responsive digital presence. These findings confirm that branding in MSME coffee A shop serves not only as a promotional tool but also as a means of building emotional connection and differentiation in the local market. Consequently, MSMEs need to strengthen branding strategies that are simple, consistent, and appropriate to the local social context to maintain business competitiveness now and in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal Of Humanities, Social Sciences And Business (INJOSS)
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CARBON TAX WITHIN THE INDONESIAN TAX LEGAL SYSTEM: A LITERATURE REVIEW FOLLOWING THE ENACTMENT OF THE HPP ACT
This study examines the implementation of carbon tax within the Indonesian tax law system following the Tax Regulation Harmonisation Act. Carbon tax serves as a fiscal instrument that not only functions to increase state revenue but also to control greenhouse gas emissions through the internalisation of external costs arising from carbon-emitting activities. This study employs a literature review using a normative legal approach to examine the legal framework of the carbon tax, the challenges to its implementation, and its prospects in supporting the transition towards low-carbon development. The findings indicate that the HPP Act has provided an important initial legal foundation; however, the implementation of the carbon tax still faces obstacles in the form of unclear technical standards, institutional readiness, inter-sectoral coordination, and potential economic and social impacts. On the other hand, a carbon tax holds great promise as an environmental policy instrument if supported by clear secondary legislation, a robust monitoring system, and fair compensation mechanisms. Thus, a carbon tax has the potential to become an important part of tax reform aligned with Indonesia’s sustainable development goals.
PERCEIVED PRODUCT QUALITY AND BRAND EXPERIENCE ON PURCHASE DECISION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE AT ERIKA EXOTICBAG
This study investigated the influence of perceived product quality and brand experience on purchase decisions, with brand image treated as a mediating variable, among consumers of Erika Exoticbag, an Indonesian premium fashion label built on exotic reptile leather. A total of 150 respondents who had purchased or were otherwise familiar with the brand were recruited through purposive sampling. Data will be collected using a five point Likert scale questionnaire and processed with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) through SmartPLS. The measurement model confirmed that every indicator met the required standards of validity and reliability. The structural model further showed that perceived product quality and brand experience each produced a positive and significant effect on both purchase decisions and brand image. Brand image itself also exerted a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions and functioned as a complementary partial mediator linking the two exogenous variables to purchase decisions. These results reinforce the relevance of the Stimulus Organism Response framework for explaining purchasing behavior toward niche, exotic fashion products. From a managerial standpoint, the findings underline the importance of strengthening product durability and cultivating brand experiences that encourage repeat purchases, both of which are essential for the continued growth of Erika Exoticbag.
DIGITAL TAXES AND THE CHALLENGES OF TAX ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA’S DIGITAL ECONOMY
The development of the digital economy has significantly transformed transaction patterns and business models in Indonesia. These changes present new challenges for the national tax system, particularly regarding the imposition, collection and enforcement of tax laws on digital activities that are cross-border, intangible and highly dynamic. This study aims to analyse the legal framework for digital taxation in Indonesia and to identify the challenges of tax law enforcement in the digital economy era. The method employed is a literature review using a descriptive qualitative approach, involving the examination of various relevant literature, legislation, academic journals, and official sources. The findings indicate that Indonesia has established a legal foundation for digital taxation through various regulations, particularly those relating to the collection of tax on electronic transactions, digital services, and platform-based economic activities. However, its implementation still faces obstacles in the form of difficulties in identifying taxpayers, limited access to data, weak cross-jurisdictional oversight, and the potential for tax avoidance by digital businesses. Therefore, regulatory strengthening, modernisation of tax administration, and international cooperation are required so that digital tax enforcement can be effective, fair, and adaptable to developments in the digital economy.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE RESILIENCE DURING A CRISIS: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
This article aims to analyse the relationship between financial risk management and corporate resilience during times of crisis through a comprehensive literature review. The findings indicate that financial risk management plays a strategic role in strengthening corporate resilience, particularly through the stabilisation of cash flows, the protection of liquidity, the control of loss exposure, the improvement of decision-making quality, and the strengthening of risk governance. The literature also indicates that companies which implement integrated risk management tend to be more resilient in the face of a crisis than those which adopt a reactive or piecemeal approach to risk management. Thus, financial risk management can be understood as a vital foundation for corporate resilience, both in the short term to mitigate the impact of a crisis and in the long term to build business sustainability amidst an increasingly uncertain business environment.
DIFFERENCES IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR BETWEEN WORKERS AND GENERATION Z STUDENTS IN SURAKARTA
This study aims to analyze the differences in financial management behavior between Generation Z workers and students in Surakarta. The research focuses on differences in financial literacy, consumption behavior, and financial management. This study employs a quantitative approach, collecting data through a questionnaire administered to 200 respondents consisting of Generation Z workers and students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using validity, reliability, and normality tests, as well as an independent samples t-test, with the assistance of SPSS. The results indicate that there are significant differences in financial literacy and financial management between workers and college students. Workers have a higher level of financial literacy than college students. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in consumption behavior. These findings suggest that experience and financial responsibility play a role in shaping Generation Z’s financial management behavior.
UNVEILING THE MEANING AND PRACTICE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING MSME PERFORMANCE
This research is based on the fact that human resource management in MSMEs is still largely carried out informally and is heavily influenced by personal relationships between business owners and employees. This situation often makes the relationship between HR practices and business performance unclear and difficult to measure systematically. Although HR is understood as a vital intangible asset that plays a role in creating business excellence, there are still limitations in understanding how these practices are truly interpreted and implemented in the context of MSMEs in areas such as Kendari City. This study aims to explore the meaning and practice of HR management in MSMEs, while also examining how this relates to business performance. The approach used is a qualitative phenomenological approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and thematic analysis with 12-15 informants consisting of MSME owners and key employees in the food and beverage sector in Kendari City. The results show that HR management is better understood as a process of building warm relationships and maintaining emotional closeness, often referred to as "heart management." Emerging practices include proximity-based recruitment, informal rewards that emphasize loyalty, and flexible and less structured performance evaluations that still foster a friendly work environment. Therefore, this research emphasizes the importance of developing HR strategies that remain relevant to local culture while simultaneously moving toward a more measurable system that allows for continuous monitoring and improvement of business performance without diminishing existing family values.
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN ENCOURAGING PRODUCT INNOVATION AND MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF FAST-FOOD BUSINESS ACTORS IN KENDARI CITY
This study aims to understand how organizational culture plays a role in driving product innovation and improving marketing performance in fast-food businesses in Kendari City. A qualitative approach using phenomenological methods was used, through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis with 12 informants consisting of business owners, managers, and supervisors. The results show that the culture of innovation in this business is formed by openness to employee ideas, an attitude of accepting failure as a means of evaluation, and the speed in implementing new ideas. Furthermore, customer orientation is a crucial factor that drives product customization and increases loyalty through rapid response to consumer needs. A family-like culture also strengthens closer working relationships, thereby increasing employee commitment and loyalty. On the other hand, a major challenge identified is the limited capacity of human resources in utilizing digital marketing, despite the existence of a culture of knowledge sharing that facilitates internal learning processes. Overall, organizational culture proves to be a crucial foundation linking product innovation and marketing performance in fast-food businesses in Kendari City.
THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF KHIYAR IN ONLINE SALES TRANSACTIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW AND LAW NO. 8 OF 1999 ON CONSUMER PROTECTION
The transformation of the global economic landscape through the e-commerce ecosystem has triggered a shift in consumer behavior from physical (brick-and-mortar) markets to the digital space. However, the remote and intangible nature of digital transactions presents legal challenges in the form of information asymmetry, which places consumers in a position of unequal bargaining power, particularly regarding the risks of hidden defects and discrepancies in product descriptions. This study aims to examine and compare consumer protection in e-commerce between national positive law and Sharia Economic Law. The research method used is a normative legal (literature review) approach, employing both a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that both legal systems share a philosophical common ground in upholding transactional justice and reducing information asymmetry. Substantively, the regulations on the right to information and compensation in Articles 4 and 7 of Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK) as well as the PMSE Government Regulation align with the flexibility of the legal institutions of Khiyar Ru'yah, Khiyar 'Aib, and Khiyar Syarat. The formal differences lie in the theological-moral foundation of khiyar versus the positivistic-secular nature of the UUPK, as well as the operational focus of khiyar on the independent status of contractual choice versus the UUPK's emphasis on strict liability following a loss. This study concludes that the architecture of modern digital e-commerce (features such as returns, refunds, and escrow accounts) actually facilitates the operational implementation of classical khiyar concepts, such that the harmonization of these two systems can strengthen the moral legitimacy and legal certainty of the digital commerce ecosystem in Indonesia.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL APPROACHES TO DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN GLOBAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
International disputes often arise due to inconsistencies in the interpretation or implementation of international agreements. The two main issues raised are: 1) how to arrange the settlement of international business disputes according to international law? and 2) what are the forms of dispute resolution? This study adopts a normative legal method with a legislative approach. In the context of international business disputes, international law distinguishes between legal and political disputes, with solutions offered through courts such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or alternative settlement methods (ADR) such as arbitration, mediation, and conciliation. In Indonesia, arbitration, regulated by Law No. 30 of 1999, is a popular choice due to the final and binding nature of the decision, as well as the efficiency and flexibility it offers. Both methods, namely arbitration and mediation, are recognized in Indonesia, with arbitration providing legal certainty and mediation offering a cost-effective collaborative approach. In order to manage the risk of disputes and maintain good business relationships, governments need to strengthen regulations and infrastructure for international business dispute resolution and improve business people's understanding of these two methods, including integrating arbitration clauses in contracts.
TRANSFORMING TULANG BAWANG MPP SERVICES THROUGH CHANGE MODELS AND BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN
The operation of Public Service Mall (MPP) in Indonesia is frequently constrained by service fragmentation, ego-sectarianism, and unaligned business processes, despite integrating various agencies into a single location. This study aims to construct a business process redesign mechanism as an instrument to strengthen service quality at the Tulang Bawang Regency MPP. A qualitative approach with an explanative single-case study design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that service transformation does not occur linearly but through a mixed governance mechanism that combines formal procedures with adaptive, informal coordination among actors in the field. Service digitalization serves as the primary driving factor forcing organizations to implement an Emprical Model of Business Process Redesign Mechanisms. This model consists of seven circular stages: initial condition, triggers, drivers, socio-technical systems, change mechanisms, business process redesign, and optimization outcomes. In conclusion, public service optimization is not merely a technical-digital intervention. Instead, its is the product of a harmounious interaction between actor capacity, institutional legitimacy, and adaptive technological systems to ensure sustainable governance.
A WIFE’S ABUSE OF SHIGAT TAKLIK AS GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE ACCORDING TO THE SHAFI’I SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
Taklik talak is a husband's promise that is hung on four conditions, mean leaving his wife for two consecutive years, not providing a obligatory maintenance for three months, hurting his wife's body, and not caring about his wife for six months. Taklik talak aims to protect the rights of the wife and guarantee them from discriminatory, arbitrary actions by men, abuse of shigat taklik by wives misuse to divorce if the wife is no longer happy with her husband. This paper aims to examines the sigat taklik abused by the wife for divorce in the view of the Shafi'i school. This type of research is normative-empirical legal research with a comparative approach and the object is the wife who abuses sighat taklik as a reason for divorce. In the view of the Shafi'i school of thought, a woman who hates her husband, then sues her husband for divorce without any reason is not permissible.
THE EFFECT OF LAYER HEIGHT ON THE LIGHTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 3D-PRINTED KALARUPA BEDSIDE LAMP
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has increasingly been adopted in product design due to its flexibility in producing complex geometries and customized products. Among various AM technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is widely used because of its accessibility and ease of operation. While layer height is commonly associated with surface quality and production efficiency, its influence on the visual performance of illuminated products remains relatively unexplored. This study investigates the effect of layer height on the light distribution characteristics of the 3D-printed Kalarupa bedside lamp. A qualitative case study approach was employed using three layer height variations: 0.12 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.32 mm. The lamp prototypes were fabricated using PLA filament and evaluated through visual observation under identical lighting conditions. The results indicate that lower layer heights produce smoother surfaces and more uniform light distribution, resulting in a brighter and cleaner visual appearance. In contrast, higher layer heights generate more visible layer structures that increase light diffusion and create softer illumination effects. Although the differences in lighting characteristics were relatively subtle, each variation produced a distinct visual atmosphere that contributed to the aesthetic quality of the product. These findings suggest that layer height can function not only as a manufacturing parameter but also as a design parameter capable of influencing the visual characteristics of 3D-printed lighting products.
SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY IN PRACTICE: RELIGIOUS VALUES AND FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA
Sustainability studies have been predominantly shaped by economic and institutional approaches, with limited attention to the role of religious values as a foundation for ecological practices in local communities. This gap is particularly significant in contexts where social and environmental relations are deeply embedded in spiritual and cultural belief systems. This study aims to examine how Islamic religious values are internalized and operationalized in forest management practices within the Repong Damar agroforestry system in Krui, Lampung, Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, which are further analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that key Islamic values tauhid (divine unity), amanah (trust), khilāfah (stewardship), mīzān (balance), and the moral framework of reward sin function not merely as normative beliefs, but as a lived ethical system that governs human environment relations. These values constitute a form of moral-ecological governance that shapes sustainable practices, including controlled resource extraction, intergenerational responsibility, and the ritualization of ecological activities. The study proposes a conceptual framework termed the Tauhidic Sustainability Paradigm, which integrates ontological, epistemological, and ethical dimensions of sustainability grounded in Islamic theology. This framework extends the scope of Islamic environmental ethics from a predominantly normative discourse to an empirically grounded understanding of lived practices, while also contributing to the broader discourse on sustainability by incorporating spiritual and culturally embedded perspectives. Sustainability is not solely a technocratic or economic project, but also a moral and spiritual endeavor. The integration of religious values and local wisdom plays a crucial role in fostering resilient, context-sensitive, and sustainable resource management systems.
IMPLICIT SARCASM AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE SEABLINGS VS KNETZ CONFLICT ON X: A PRAGMASEMANTIC STUDY
This study examines the use of implicit sarcasm in digital interactions between SEAblings and Knetz on platform X through a pragmasemantic perspective. The research aims to identify the types and patterns of implicit sarcasm, analyze sarcastic meanings through conversational implicature based on Grice’s theory, and explore how sarcasm contributes to identity construction in online conflict. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method using documentation techniques. The data consisted of posts, comments, and replies collected through screenshots from platform X related to the SEAblings and Knetz conflict. The data were analyzed interpretatively by categorizing sarcasm types, identifying violations of Gricean maxims, and examining identity functions within ingroup and outgroup interactions. The findings revealed that implicit sarcasm and irony were the most dominant forms used in the interactions. Most sarcastic expressions relied on conversational implicature and frequently violated the maxim of quality to convey indirect criticism and mockery. In addition, sarcasm functioned as a linguistic strategy for attacking opposing groups, reinforcing solidarity, and negotiating social identity in digital communication. The study concludes that implicit sarcasm plays a significant role in shaping communication patterns and identity construction within online intercultural conflict.
CLIMATE-SMART AGRIBUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
This study aims to analyze various climate-smart agriculture-based agribusiness strategies that can be implemented by smallholder farmers to address the challenges of climate change in developing countries. The research method used was a literature review, examining various scientific articles, books, international reports, and previous research results relevant to the theme of climate-smart agribusiness. Data were analyzed descriptively and comparatively to identify effective strategies for increasing productivity, adaptation, and sustainability of farming businesses. The study results indicate that climate-smart agribusiness strategies include farm diversification, the use of digital agricultural technology, the implementation of water-efficient irrigation, the use of climate-resilient varieties, agroforestry, and strengthening market access and green financing. Furthermore, collaboration between governments, financial institutions, the private sector, and local communities is a crucial factor in supporting the successful implementation of these strategies. A climate-smart agribusiness approach can not only increase agricultural productivity but also strengthen the economic resilience of smallholder farmers to the risks of climate change. This study emphasizes that sustainability-based agribusiness transformation needs to be supported through inclusive policies, technological innovation, and farmer capacity building to create adaptive, resilient, and sustainable agricultural systems in developing countries.
CRYPTO ASSET REGULATION IN THE POST-REFORM ERA: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE HARMONISATION OF DIGITAL ECONOMY LAW, INVESTOR PROTECTION, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF SHARIA FINTECH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE AND THE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT FOR A SUSTAINABLE INDONESIAN CRYPTO MARKET
The development of crypto assets in Indonesia in the post-reform era presents complex regulatory challenges regarding the harmonisation of digital economy law, investor protection, and the transformation of Sharia fintech. This study aims to comprehensively examine crypto asset regulation within the framework of the implementation of the new Criminal Code and the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) to create a sustainable Indonesian crypto market. The method employed is a literature review (library research) using a qualitative-descriptive analytical approach. The research findings indicate that regulatory fragmentation between Bappebti, OJK, and Bank Indonesia creates legal uncertainty that is detrimental to investors, whilst the implementation of the new Criminal Code and the Personal Data Protection Act presents an opportunity to strengthen protection through more comprehensive regulations on digital crime and personal data protection. The transformation of Sharia fintech offers a regulatory alternative that integrates Sharia principles with blockchain technology to create a fair, transparent, and inclusive crypto ecosystem. This study recommends integrated, adaptive, and value-based crypto regulations with synergy among stakeholders, effective oversight mechanisms, robust law enforcement, extensive investor education, and the integration of ESG principles for a sustainable Indonesian crypto market.
DECOLONISING GLOBAL TRADE TARIFFS: INDONESIA’S STRATEGY IN RESPONSE TO THE WTO’S 1.8% PROJECTION FOR 2026
This article discusses the decolonisation of global trade tariffs as a conceptual and practical strategy for Indonesia in response to the WTO’s projection of a 1.8% slowdown in global trade by 2026. This study highlights that the global tariff system is not entirely neutral, but rather still reflects historical inequalities that favour developed nations and place developing nations in a subordinate position within the international value chain. Using a literature review approach, this article outlines two main focuses: the deconstruction of tariff inequalities in the global economy and Indonesia’s response strategies through export market diversification, industrial downstreaming, domestic market protection, and economic diplomacy. The findings indicate that tariff decolonisation is not merely a normative agenda, but also a strategic instrument for strengthening economic sovereignty, enhancing national competitiveness, and expanding Indonesia’s development policy space amidst global trade uncertainty.
THE IMPACT OF THE 2026 INCLUSIVE FISCAL POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DISADVANTAGED REGIONS: A STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THEORY AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PMK 105/2025 IN INDONESIA
The 2026 inclusive fiscal policy through PMK 105/2025 on Government-Bearing Income Tax (DTP) has proven effective in driving economic growth in underdeveloped regions in Indonesia with a consumption multiplier effect of 1.6–1.8x among 15 million workers in labour-intensive sectors (textiles, furniture, tourism). A review of development economics theory confirms alignment with the Solow convergence model, Romer’s endogenous growth model, and Hirschman’s ‘big push’ theory to break the Myrdal circular cumulative causation in 128 priority districts. Implementation in Q1 2026 recorded a +4.8% increase in the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of underdeveloped regions, a +22% rise in employment, and a 1.8 percentage point reduction in poverty, despite being hampered by regional fiscal capacity (85% dependence on General Allocation Funds) and governance-related leakages. Recommendations include an extension to 2027 with digitalised claims, performance-based transfers, and integration of DID-DTP to achieve 25% regional convergence within 5 years towards the 2025–2029 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE SELF-TALK THERAPY IN REDUCING ANXIETY AMONG ADOLESCENTS WHO EXPERIENCE EMOTIONAL ABUSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Anxiety is one of the psychological problems commonly experienced by adolescents, particularly among those who have been exposed to emotional abuse. Emotional abuse, including insults, threats, yelling, rejection, humiliation, intimidation, and persistent invalidation, can shape negative internal schemas, reduce self-esteem, and intensify fear, insecurity, and avoidance. Recent international studies published after 2023 indicate that childhood maltreatment and emotional abuse are consistently associated with adolescent anxiety, psychopathology, impaired emotion regulation, and heightened psychological distress (Hashim et al., 2024; Baldwin et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2025). This literature review examines the potential effectiveness of positive self-talk therapy in reducing anxiety among adolescents who experience emotional abuse. The review was conducted by identifying and synthesizing scientific articles, international journals, national journals, and official reports relevant to positive self-talk, adolescent anxiety, emotional abuse, coping, cognitive restructuring, and emotion regulation. The findings suggest that positive self-talk therapy may help adolescents recognize negative internal dialogue and replace it with more rational, supportive, adaptive, and goal-oriented statements. The mechanism of change is closely related to cognitive reframing, self-compassion, affect labeling, and emotion regulation, all of which are important protective processes in adolescent mental health. Therefore, positive self-talk therapy may serve as a simple, low-cost, school- and community-based psychosocial intervention to support adolescent mental health. However, further empirical studies using stronger designs, such as randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs with control groups, are needed to test its effectiveness specifically among adolescent victims of emotional abuse.
DISRUPTION OR TRANSFORMATION? THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE, ACADEMIC INTEGRITY, AND THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on pedagogical competence, academic integrity, and the future of higher education in Indonesia, from the perspectives of disruption and transformation. This study uses a qualitative approach, employing the library research method, by analyzing reputable scientific literature published over the last five years. The results of the study show that AI plays a strategic role in enhancing the effectiveness and personalization of learning, but it also poses serious challenges related to lecturers' pedagogical competencies and the potential for violations of academic integrity. AI integration has encouraged a shift in lecturers' roles to become facilitators of technology-based learning, but this shift has not been fully supported by adequate digital literacy and institutional readiness, especially in Indonesian higher education. On the other hand, the emergence of generative AI magnifies the risks of plagiarism and technological dependence, requiring a comprehensive ethical and regulatory approach. The findings of this study confirm that AI has a dual character as a disruptive and transformative technology, with its impact highly dependent on the implementation strategy. Therefore, integrative efforts are needed that include strengthening pedagogic competence, developing adaptive policies, and instilling the value of academic integrity to ensure optimal and sustainable use of AI in higher education. This research is expected to make theoretical and practical contributions to the development of a higher education system responsive to technological developments in the digital era.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE ON ADOLESCENTS’ LEVELS OF EMPATHY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Social media has become an integral part of adolescents’ daily lives in the digital age. Whilst offering various benefits, the use of social media also raises questions regarding its impact on social and emotional development, particularly levels of empathy. This study aims to analyse the influence of social media use on adolescents’ empathy levels by examining various aspects, including social interaction, the influence of content, and gender differences. Through data collection via surveys and case studies, this research demonstrates that social media use can have both positive and negative effects on adolescents’ empathy levels, depending on how and in what context it is used. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for parents, educators, and policymakers in understanding the social dynamics of adolescents in the digital age.
DISRUPTION OR TRANSFORMATION? THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE, ACADEMIC INTEGRITY, AND THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
This article examines the dilemma of disruption versus transformation posed by generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Indonesian higher education, focusing on faculty pedagogical competencies, academic integrity, and the future of the education system. The research method employed was a literature review. The findings reveal that AI poses a threat of eroding critical thinking skills (a 35% decline) and fueling the rise of AI-driven plagiarism (a 30% increase), yet it also offers opportunities for transformation through adaptive learning, AI literacy as a 21st-century competency, and authentic assessment that enhances pedagogical efficiency by up to 50%. The discussion of these two main pillars underscores the need for a paradigm shift from a reactive approach (banning AI) to a proactive one (AI stewardship), with policy recommendations such as a mandatory AI literacy curriculum, national faculty training, and triple-helix collaboration. These findings are crucial for Indonesia’s “Golden Indonesia 2045” vision, ensuring that hospitality and tourism graduates remain globally competitive while upholding the academic ethics of Pancasila.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDICIARY: ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF AI IN THE INDONESIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
This article analyses the digital transformation of the judiciary through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a focus on its ethical and legal implications. This qualitative literature review identifies ethical risks such as algorithmic bias, a lack of transparency (the ‘black box’ problem), the dehumanisation of processes, and threats to human rights such as the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial. From a legal perspective, inconsistencies were found between the human-centred Criminal Procedure Code and the logic of AI, particularly regarding the admissibility of digital evidence, legal liability for system errors, and the absence of specific regulations for judicial AI. This study recommends a National AI Ethics Framework, PERMA AI for the judiciary, digital literacy training for legal officials, and periodic independent audits to realise digital justice that is fair, accountable, and humane in accordance with the values of Pancasila.
FROM ALGORITHMS TO JUSTICE: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE URGENCY OF SPECIFIC REGULATION IN INDONESIA
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the landscape of automated decision-making across various sectors, yet it also poses serious risks to human rights through algorithmic bias, privacy violations, and the erosion of individual autonomy. This article examines the multidimensional impact of AI on human rights. The research findings underscore the need for regulations that integrate algorithmic transparency, human oversight, and developer accountability to protect vulnerable groups. Policy recommendations include the establishment of an independent AI oversight body, national digital literacy training, and the harmonisation of global standards to position Indonesia as a responsible AI leader in ASEAN. This study contributes to the discourse on digital human rights by offering a conceptual framework for the transition from a technology-centric to a human rights-centric paradigm in Indonesia’s AI governance.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS BRAND CREATOR AND INFRINGER: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF BRAND OWNERSHIP, REGISTRATION AND LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI
Artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, has transformed the role of brands as human creative products by enabling the automatic creation of names, logos and visual identities. This article examines AI as both a creator and an infringer of brands, focusing on three key aspects: ownership, registration, and legal protection of brands in the era of generative AI. It is analysed that the regulatory framework for brands based on human authorship faces serious challenges when AI output is not fully controlled by humans, thereby raising uncertainties regarding the subject of rights, uniqueness, and the validity of registration. On the other hand, AI also has the potential to be a source of trademark infringement when its outputs resemble or incorporate elements of registered trademarks, whether through data learning processes or irresponsible use, thus requiring a re-evaluation of legal liability and protection mechanisms. This article argues that trademark law needs to evolve towards a more adaptive, responsive, and risk-based approach, so as to accommodate the dynamics of AI without compromising the principles of legal certainty, justice, and the protection of exclusive rights for businesses.
FROM RECRUITMENT TO REDUNDANCY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HR MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, ALGORITHMIC BIAS, AND THE URGENCY OF LABOUR REGULATION IN INDONESIA
This study presents a systematic literature review on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resource management (HRM) practices, ranging from recruitment to redundancy, with a focus on algorithmic bias and the urgency of labour regulation in Indonesia. Through a thematic analysis of various literature, this article identifies how AI is transforming recruitment procedures, selection, development, performance appraisal, and decision-making regarding termination of employment, whilst highlighting the potential for efficiency and improved organisational performance, which is offset by risks of discrimination, lack of transparency, and dehumanisation in employment relationships. The study also emphasises that labour regulations in Indonesia have yet to accommodate the characteristics of AI; consequently, an adaptive, worker-friendly legal framework is required, grounded in the principles of justice, non-discrimination, transparency, and algorithmic accountability.
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE DOCTRINES OF STRICT LIABILITY, VICARIOUS LIABILITY, AND THE NEED FOR REFORM OF INDONESIAN CIVIL LAW
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) poses new challenges for Indonesian civil law, particularly regarding the attribution of liability for damages caused by autonomous systems. This systematic literature review analyzes the relevance of the doctrines of strict liability and vicarious liability to AI-related damages, identifies the limitations of the fault-based Articles 1365 and 1367 of the Indonesian Civil Code, and formulates the need for reform of Indonesian civil law. Strict liability is effective for high-risk AI by relieving victims of the burden of proving fault, while vicarious liability is suitable for multi-party ecosystems through the principle of supervision. However, the black-box nature and autonomy of AI demand a risk-based regulatory approach incorporating a presumption of fault, joint liability, and algorithmic transparency obligations. Reform is necessary through an Indonesian AI Liability Directive (lex specialis) amending the Civil Code, strengthening technology-related judicial infrastructure, and ensuring ASEAN harmonization, thereby balancing Industry 5.0 innovation with the protection of human rights.
MEASURING IMPACT, DEFINING LIABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This article presents a comprehensive literature review on the legal implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judicial system and regulatory development in the digital age, with a focus on measuring impacts and defining legal liabilities. The findings reveal that AI enhances the efficiency of predictive justice and RegTech, yet poses risks of algorithmic bias, the black box problem, legal liability gaps, and threats to democratic legitimacy. The study identifies research gaps in developing countries such as Indonesia, where there is a lack of normative and institutional analysis. Recommendations include an adaptive risk-based model akin to the EU AI Act, human-in-the-loop oversight, and national regulations grounded in the Pancasila ethical framework to balance innovation with substantive justice.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of financial risks, specifically credit risk, operational risk, and market risk on the profitability of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria over the period 2014–2023. Using fixed-effects panel regression on data from 10 listed DMBs, the study examines the effects of three risk-weighted ratios: credit risk, operation risk and market risk (CRTWR, ORTWR, MRTWR) and a risk-adjusted spread ratio (RISASR) on Earnings Per Share (EPS), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), while controlling for bank size (BSIZE). Results reveal that credit risk (CRTWR) exerts a significant positive effect on all profitability metrics, suggesting that Basel III-compliant capital allocation enhances financial performance. Operational risk (ORTWR) consistently reduces profitability across all measures, reflecting the adverse impact of fraud and IT failures in Nigeria's digitally evolving banking sector. Market risk (MRTWR) shows only marginal significance for EPS, with no significant effect on ROA or ROE, indicative of effective hedging practices. RISASR is insignificant across all models. Bank size (BSIZE) positively moderates profitability, confirming economies of scale advantages. The findings have important implications for bank managers, regulators, and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in designing risk-sensitive capital and operational frameworks.