FROM ALGORITHMS TO JUSTICE: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE URGENCY OF SPECIFIC REGULATION IN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20094857Keywords:
artificial intelligence, human rights, AI regulation, algorithmic bias,, EU AI Act, digital governance, IndonesiaAbstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the landscape of automated decision-making across various sectors, yet it also poses serious risks to human rights through algorithmic bias, privacy violations, and the erosion of individual autonomy. This article examines the multidimensional impact of AI on human rights. The research findings underscore the need for regulations that integrate algorithmic transparency, human oversight, and developer accountability to protect vulnerable groups. Policy recommendations include the establishment of an independent AI oversight body, national digital literacy training, and the harmonisation of global standards to position Indonesia as a responsible AI leader in ASEAN. This study contributes to the discourse on digital human rights by offering a conceptual framework for the transition from a technology-centric to a human rights-centric paradigm in Indonesia’s AI governance.
Downloads
References
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020). The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labour demand. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 13(1), 25–35.
Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., Kirkpatrick, I., Lawrence, M., & Stuart, M. (2016). HR and analytics: Why HR is set to fail the big data challenge. Human Resource Management Journal, 26(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12090
Cath, C., Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and the ‘Good Society’: The US, EU, and UK approach. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(2), 505–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9901-7
Cohen, J. E. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Surveillance & Society, 17(1/2), 240–245.
Connell, R. (2009). Gender. Polity.
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Petit, N. (2017). Law and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Robots—Conceptual Framework and Normative Implications (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 2931339). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2931339
Plan, S. (2016). The national artificial intelligence research and development strategic plan. National Science and Technology Council, Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Subcommittee. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph241/cheng1/docs/ai-eop-oct16.pdf
Rane, N., Choudhary, S., & Rane, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence for enhancing resilience. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 5(2), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.48185/jaai.v5i2.1053
Ravizki, E. N., & Yudhantaka, L. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Tinjauan Konseptual dan Tantangan Pengaturan di Indonesia. Notaire, 5(3). https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/NTR/article/download/39063/22918
Rodhiah, S. D. F., Parinduri, M. F. A., Nabila, S., Aprilia, A. I., & Endang, L. Y. (2025). Dampak Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence terhadap Transformasi Lapangan Pekerjaan di Masa Depan: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur. Journal of Information System, Informatics and Computing, 9(2), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.52362/jisicom.v9i2.2187
Roemmich, K., Rosenberg, T., Fan, S., & Andalibi, N. (2023). Values in Emotion Artificial Intelligence Hiring Services: Technosolutions to Organizational Problems. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., 7(CSCW1), 109:1-109:28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3579543
Schiller, J., Stiller, S., & Ryo, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence in environmental and Earth system sciences: Explainability and trustworthiness. Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(10), 316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11165-2
Shatila, K. (2025). Artificial intelligence and organizational resilience: The mediating role of agility, innovation, and digital leadership. Strategy & Leadership, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-08-2025-0275
Sulistio, F., & Salsabilla, A. D. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban pada Tindak Pidana yang Dilakukan Agen Otonom Artificial Intelegence. UNES Law Review, 6(2), 5479–5490. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1209
Syahronny, M. R., & Dewayanto, T. (2024). PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DAN BLOCKCHAIN DALAM MENDETEKSI FRAUD PADA PROSES AUDIT: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 13(3). https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting/article/view/46067
Varaprasada Rao, K., & Panda, S. K. (2023). A Design Model of Copyright Protection System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology. In S. C. Satapathy, J. C.-W. Lin, L. K. Wee, V. Bhateja, & T. M. Rajesh (Eds.), Computer Communication, Networking and IoT (pp. 127–141). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1976-3_17
Votto, A. M., Valecha, R., Najafirad, P., & Rao, H. R. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Tactical Human Resource Management: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100047
Waelen, R. A. (2023). A critical approach to AI ethics. In Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence (pp. 391–401). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781803928562/book-part-9781803928562-42.xml
Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Zeng, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence and China’s authoritarian governance. International Affairs, 96(6), 1441–1459. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa172
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, W., Chen, X., Weng, J., & Imran, M. (2020). An overview on smart contracts: Challenges, advances and platforms. Future Generation Computer Systems, 105, 475–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.12.019
UNESCO. (2021). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
